Background of the study:
Reliable water supply is critical for both domestic and institutional needs, and tanker water supply systems play an essential role in areas where municipal water infrastructure is inadequate. In Lafia LGA, Nasarawa State, tanker water supply is a common method to deliver water to communities; however, traditional monitoring of tanker operations is often inefficient and prone to inaccuracies. An IoT-based smart tanker water supply monitoring system integrates sensors, GPS tracking, and wireless communication to continuously track tanker location, water levels, and delivery performance in real time (Ibrahim, 2023). This system enables water utilities and service providers to monitor tanker routes, ensure timely deliveries, and detect issues such as leaks or delays. Real-time data collection and analysis facilitate dynamic route optimization and efficient resource allocation, thereby reducing wastage and improving service reliability (Adeniyi, 2024). Moreover, the system can generate automated alerts if irregularities are detected, allowing for prompt corrective measures. The integration of such technology not only enhances operational efficiency but also supports transparent billing and improved customer satisfaction. With increasing demand for water and the challenges of urbanization, adopting IoT-based monitoring systems in water supply management is essential to ensure sustainable and reliable service delivery (Udo, 2025). This research aims to develop a robust system tailored for tanker water supply, thereby contributing to improved water management and public health in Lafia LGA.
Statement of the problem:
In Lafia LGA, the management of tanker water supply is hindered by traditional monitoring practices that are largely manual and reactive. These outdated methods lead to inaccuracies in tracking water levels and delivery times, resulting in inefficiencies such as delayed service, water wastage, and customer dissatisfaction (Ibrahim, 2023). The lack of real-time monitoring prevents operators from promptly identifying issues such as leaks, route deviations, or low water levels, which in turn compromises the reliability of water delivery. Inadequate data collection also hampers efforts to optimize delivery routes and schedules, leading to increased operational costs and inefficient resource allocation (Adeniyi, 2024). Financial and technical constraints further exacerbate these challenges, leaving the water supply system vulnerable to disruptions and service inconsistencies. Without a robust, IoT-based monitoring solution, the tanker water supply system remains inefficient and unable to meet the growing demands of the population. Addressing these issues through the development of a smart monitoring system is critical to improving operational efficiency, reducing water wastage, and enhancing overall service quality for residents in Lafia LGA (Udo, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
To design an IoT-based monitoring system for real-time tracking of tanker water supply parameters.
To evaluate the system’s effectiveness in improving delivery efficiency and reducing water wastage.
To recommend strategies for integrating the system into existing water supply management practices.
Research questions:
How effective is the IoT-based system in monitoring tanker water levels and routes in real time?
What improvements in delivery efficiency and resource utilization are observed after implementation?
How can the system be integrated with current water supply management frameworks to optimize performance?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it introduces a digital solution to enhance the reliability and efficiency of tanker water supply systems. By providing real-time monitoring and data-driven insights, the IoT-based system can improve service delivery, reduce water wastage, and enhance customer satisfaction, ultimately contributing to better water management in Lafia LGA.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the design and evaluation of an IoT-based smart tanker water supply monitoring system in Lafia LGA, Nasarawa State. It does not extend to fixed water supply networks or other regions.
Definitions of terms:
IoT (Internet of Things): A network of devices that provide real-time monitoring and data exchange.
Tankers: Vehicles used to transport water to end-users.
Monitoring System: A system that continuously collects and analyzes operational data.
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