An evaluation of dietary habits and their effect on chronic diseases in Borno State
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Background of the Study:
Dietary habits are among the most important modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. In Borno State, rapid urbanization and changing food environments have led to significant shifts in dietary patterns. Traditional diets, once rich in whole grains, legumes, and fresh produce, are increasingly being replaced by processed foods high in fats, sugars, and salt (Okeke, 2023). This nutritional transition is a major contributor to the rising prevalence of chronic diseases in the region. Poor dietary habits—coupled with limited nutritional knowledge and economic constraints—result in an increased risk of obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.
The situation in Borno State is further complicated by socio-economic disparities. Many low-income households face food insecurity and are forced to rely on inexpensive, calorie-dense foods that lack essential nutrients. Additionally, the influence of Western dietary habits through media and advertising has contributed to unhealthy eating patterns among younger populations. The cumulative effect of these dietary changes is evident in the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, which are placing an enormous strain on the healthcare system (Ibrahim, 2024). Public health initiatives aimed at promoting healthy eating and improving nutritional literacy have had some success, but challenges persist due to entrenched cultural habits and economic limitations. Recent studies underscore the importance of comprehensive nutritional interventions that address both behavioral change and structural determinants of diet (Fatima, 2025). This study seeks to evaluate dietary habits in Borno State and their impact on the prevalence of chronic diseases, with the goal of identifying effective strategies to promote healthier eating patterns and reduce disease burden.
Statement of the Problem :
Chronic diseases are on the rise in Borno State, and poor dietary habits are a major contributing factor. The shift from traditional diets to processed, nutrient-poor foods has led to increased incidences of obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes among residents. Economic constraints and food insecurity force many low-income families to opt for inexpensive, unhealthy food options, further exacerbating the problem (Umar, 2023). Despite public health campaigns promoting balanced diets and nutritional education, the prevalence of chronic diseases continues to grow, suggesting that current interventions may not be sufficiently addressing the underlying dietary issues. Additionally, cultural influences and aggressive marketing of unhealthy food products contribute to poor nutritional choices, particularly among the youth (Saleh, 2024). The health system in Borno State is burdened with the rising costs of managing chronic conditions, and the long-term socioeconomic implications are severe. This study seeks to systematically investigate the dietary habits of residents in Borno State and assess their relationship with chronic disease outcomes, thereby identifying the key determinants of poor diet and proposing targeted interventions to promote healthier lifestyles.
Objectives of the Study:
- To assess the current dietary habits of residents in Borno State.
- To evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and chronic disease prevalence.
- To recommend nutritional interventions to reduce chronic disease risk.
Research Questions:
- What are the prevailing dietary habits in Borno State?
- How do these dietary patterns correlate with chronic disease incidence?
- What strategies can improve nutritional behaviors among residents?
Research Hypotheses:
- H1: Poor dietary habits are significantly associated with increased chronic disease prevalence.
- H2: Low-income households are more likely to consume unhealthy, processed foods.
- H3: Comprehensive nutritional interventions will reduce chronic disease incidence.
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study focuses on urban and rural communities in Borno State. Limitations include reliance on self-reported dietary data and potential regional variations in food availability.
Definitions of Terms:
- Dietary Habits: Patterns of food and beverage consumption over time.
- Chronic Diseases: Long-term conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases.
- Nutritional Interventions: Strategies aimed at improving dietary intake and promoting healthy eating.
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