An assessment of physical activity levels and their impact on health in Kano State
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Background of the Study:
Physical activity is a key determinant of health, influencing cardiovascular fitness, mental well‐being, and overall quality of life. In Kano State, rapid urbanization and changing lifestyles have led to a notable decline in daily physical activity. Urban residents increasingly rely on motorized transport and sedentary office jobs, while recreational opportunities for exercise remain limited (Adebola, 2023). This trend is concerning because insufficient physical activity is strongly associated with the development of chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Recent studies indicate that even moderate increases in physical activity can lead to significant health improvements, including enhanced cardiovascular health and reduced stress levels (Ibrahim, 2024). However, local data on physical activity levels and their direct impact on health outcomes in Kano State are scarce.
The shift from traditional, labor-intensive occupations to sedentary jobs has changed the daily energy expenditure of many residents. In addition, urban design that lacks pedestrian-friendly spaces further discourages regular exercise. Cultural factors may also influence activity levels; while traditional lifestyles once included significant amounts of physical labor, modern conveniences have reduced overall activity. There is growing recognition among public health professionals that promoting physical activity is essential not only for preventing chronic diseases but also for improving mental health and reducing healthcare costs. Interventions such as community-based exercise programs, public awareness campaigns, and urban planning that supports active living are considered effective in mitigating these risks (Fatima, 2025). This study seeks to comprehensively assess current physical activity levels among various demographic groups in Kano State and to evaluate their impact on key health indicators, thereby providing evidence for targeted public health interventions.
Statement of the Problem :
Despite its well-documented benefits, physical activity levels in Kano State have been declining due to urbanization, lifestyle changes, and infrastructural deficits. Many residents, particularly in urban centers, exhibit sedentary behaviors that contribute to a higher prevalence of non-communicable diseases. This gap in physical activity is exacerbated by limited public spaces for exercise, a lack of community-based fitness programs, and cultural shifts away from traditional active lifestyles (Umar, 2023). Consequently, the burden of chronic diseases continues to rise, placing additional strain on the healthcare system. Inadequate local research on the relationship between physical activity and health outcomes means that public health policies are often based on generalized data, which may not reflect the unique context of Kano State. Without targeted interventions, the population remains at risk of escalating healthcare costs and reduced quality of life. There is a pressing need to identify the specific barriers that prevent regular physical activity and to develop tailored strategies to promote a more active lifestyle among Kano’s residents.
Objectives of the Study:
- To determine the current physical activity levels among different demographic groups in Kano State.
- To assess the relationship between physical activity and the prevalence of chronic diseases.
- To recommend interventions to promote increased physical activity.
Research Questions:
- What are the current physical activity patterns in Kano State?
- How does physical inactivity correlate with chronic disease prevalence?
- What strategies can effectively enhance physical activity levels?
Research Hypotheses:
- H1: Lower physical activity levels are significantly associated with higher rates of chronic diseases.
- H2: Urban residents exhibit lower physical activity compared to rural populations.
- H3: Community-based interventions will significantly increase physical activity levels.
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study focuses on both urban and rural populations in Kano State. Limitations include reliance on self-reported physical activity data and potential regional variations in infrastructure.
Definitions of Terms:
- Physical Activity: Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure.
- Chronic Diseases: Long-lasting conditions that can be controlled but not cured, such as diabetes and hypertension.
- Sedentary Behavior: A lifestyle characterized by little or no physical activity.
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