Design of an IoT-Based Automated Parking System for University Campuses: A Case Study in Wudil LGA, Kano State
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Background of the Study :
University campuses are dynamic environments that require efficient management of vehicle parking to alleviate congestion, reduce wait times, and enhance overall user satisfaction. Traditional parking management systems are often manual and inefficient, leading to wasted time and increased operational costs. In Wudil LGA, Kano State, universities face growing challenges in managing limited parking spaces due to increased student and staff populations. This study proposes the design of an IoT-based automated parking system that utilizes sensors, cameras, and wireless communication technologies to monitor parking space occupancy in real time. The system will automatically direct vehicles to available spots, reduce traffic congestion, and improve parking efficiency (Ibrahim, 2023). Data from parking sensors will be transmitted to a central control unit, which uses real-time analytics to update digital signage and mobile applications with accurate parking information. Additionally, the system will integrate payment solutions and access control mechanisms to further streamline the parking process. Previous research indicates that smart parking solutions can significantly reduce vehicle idle times and improve user satisfaction (Olu, 2024). By implementing this system in university campuses, the study aims to reduce the environmental impact of traffic congestion and lower operational costs associated with manual parking management. The research will involve system design, field deployment, and performance evaluation, with an emphasis on scalability, security, and ease of integration with existing campus infrastructure (Adeniyi, 2025).
Statement of the Problem :
University parking areas in Wudil LGA face chronic congestion and inefficient space utilization due to outdated manual management practices. The lack of a real-time monitoring system often results in drivers circling the campus in search of parking, leading to increased traffic, fuel consumption, and environmental pollution. Moreover, manual processes are prone to errors and do not provide data for optimizing parking space allocation. The absence of automated guidance systems contributes to frustration among students and staff, while also increasing the workload for campus security and administration. These issues are compounded by the limited number of parking spaces relative to demand, making it critical to optimize available resources. A modern, IoT-based parking system can address these challenges by providing real-time data on parking space availability, automating space allocation, and integrating payment and access control. However, deploying such a system in a university environment requires overcoming challenges related to sensor accuracy, data integration, and user acceptance. This study aims to address these gaps by developing an automated parking system that improves efficiency, reduces congestion, and enhances the overall parking experience for the campus community. The system’s success will be measured by improvements in parking space utilization, reduction in search times, and enhanced user satisfaction. Addressing these issues is vital for ensuring a smooth transportation experience on campus and reducing the environmental impact of excessive vehicle circulation (Ibrahim, 2023; Olu, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
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To design an IoT-based parking system that monitors and manages parking space occupancy in real time.
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To integrate digital signage and mobile applications for automated parking guidance.
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To evaluate the system’s impact on reducing congestion and improving user satisfaction.
Research Questions:
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How can IoT sensors and cameras be effectively utilized to monitor parking space occupancy?
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What strategies optimize real-time guidance for drivers seeking parking?
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How does the automated parking system affect overall congestion and user satisfaction?
Significance of the Study :
This study is significant as it develops an innovative IoT-based automated parking system aimed at optimizing parking management on university campuses. By providing real-time data and automated guidance, the system reduces congestion, minimizes environmental impact, and enhances the user experience. The research outcomes will offer a scalable solution for universities facing similar parking challenges, contributing to more efficient campus transportation and resource utilization (Adeniyi, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is limited to the design, implementation, and evaluation of the IoT-based automated parking system in university campuses within Wudil LGA, Kano State, and does not extend to public or municipal parking systems.
Definitions of Terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that communicate data in real time.
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Automated Parking System: A system that uses technology to monitor, manage, and guide vehicles to available parking spaces.
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Real-Time Data: Information that is processed and available immediately as events occur.
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