The impact of waterborne diseases on child mortality in Gombe State
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Background of the Study:
Waterborne diseases continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in many developing regions, including Gombe State. Inadequate access to clean water and proper sanitation contributes significantly to the prevalence of diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid fever, which disproportionately affect young children. These diseases can lead to severe dehydration, malnutrition, and ultimately, death if not treated promptly and effectively (Chinedu, 2023). The impact of waterborne diseases on child mortality is a critical public health issue, exacerbated by socio-economic disparities, poor infrastructure, and limited access to healthcare services.
In Gombe State, many communities rely on contaminated water sources for drinking, cooking, and personal hygiene. The high incidence of waterborne diseases among children reflects the broader challenges of water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in the region. Public health interventions, including the provision of clean water and community-based sanitation programs, have been implemented to mitigate these risks; however, coverage remains inadequate in many areas. The burden of disease is further amplified during the rainy season, when flooding can spread contaminants and increase exposure to pathogens (Aminu, 2024).
This study aims to evaluate the impact of waterborne diseases on child mortality in Gombe State by analyzing health records, water quality data, and socio-economic indicators. The research will investigate the correlation between waterborne disease incidence and child mortality rates, and assess the effectiveness of current WASH interventions in reducing these outcomes. By identifying the key factors that contribute to high child mortality rates, the study seeks to inform policies and programs designed to improve water quality, sanitation, and ultimately, child health in Gombe State (Fatima, 2025).
Statement of the Problem :
In Gombe State, waterborne diseases remain a leading cause of child mortality, reflecting persistent deficiencies in water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure. The reliance on unsafe water sources, combined with inadequate sanitation facilities, has resulted in high incidences of diarrheal diseases and other waterborne infections among children. These conditions are particularly severe in rural areas and informal settlements, where access to healthcare and public health interventions is limited (Ibrahim, 2023). The high mortality rates among children due to waterborne diseases not only cause immediate loss of life but also contribute to long-term developmental challenges in the community.
Despite various efforts to improve water quality and sanitation, the current interventions have not been sufficient to address the underlying causes of waterborne disease transmission. The lack of timely and effective treatment, coupled with socio-economic barriers, exacerbates the situation. Inadequate public awareness about the importance of hygiene and the dangers of contaminated water further compounds the problem. These challenges highlight the urgent need for a comprehensive evaluation of the factors contributing to high child mortality from waterborne diseases in Gombe State (Umar, 2024).
This study aims to systematically investigate the relationship between waterborne disease incidence and child mortality. By analyzing data on water quality, sanitation practices, and healthcare accessibility, the research will identify critical intervention points that could reduce the burden of these diseases. The findings will be essential for policymakers to develop targeted strategies that improve water and sanitation infrastructure, enhance public health education, and ultimately reduce child mortality in the region.
Objectives of the Study:
- To determine the incidence of waterborne diseases among children in Gombe State.
- To evaluate the impact of waterborne diseases on child mortality.
- To recommend strategies to improve water quality and sanitation to reduce child mortality.
Research Questions:
- What is the incidence of waterborne diseases among children in Gombe State?
- How do waterborne diseases contribute to child mortality in the region?
- What interventions can effectively reduce waterborne disease incidence and child mortality?
Research Hypotheses:
- H1: Higher rates of waterborne diseases are significantly associated with increased child mortality.
- H2: Inadequate water and sanitation infrastructure is a major contributor to child mortality from waterborne diseases.
- H3: Improved WASH interventions will significantly reduce child mortality rates.
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study focuses on rural and peri-urban communities in Gombe State. Limitations include potential underreporting of disease incidence and difficulties in obtaining accurate mortality data.
Definitions of Terms:
- Waterborne Diseases: Illnesses caused by pathogens transmitted through contaminated water.
- Child Mortality: The death of children under the age of five.
- WASH Interventions: Programs aimed at improving water, sanitation, and hygiene practices.
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