An investigation of cardiovascular disease among diabetic patients in Adamawa State
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Background of the Study
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with each exacerbating the severity of the other. Diabetes, a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, increases the risk of CVDs due to several factors, including hyperglycemia, inflammation, and dyslipidemia (Abubakar et al., 2024). Diabetic patients are more prone to atherosclerosis, which leads to the thickening and hardening of the arterial walls, thereby raising the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease (Ogunleye & Olayemi, 2023).
In Adamawa State, a northeastern state in Nigeria, diabetes prevalence is rising as a result of changing lifestyles, unhealthy eating habits, and sedentary behaviors. Furthermore, many individuals with diabetes remain undiagnosed or do not receive optimal treatment, leading to an increased likelihood of cardiovascular complications. The interaction between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases is particularly concerning because it contributes to high morbidity and a reduced quality of life among diabetic patients.
This study aims to explore the prevalence and types of cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients in Adamawa State, assessing how well the disease is managed and identifying the key factors that contribute to cardiovascular complications in this population. There is limited research on the relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases specifically in Adamawa State, which makes this investigation crucial for providing data to guide public health interventions and improve patient care.
Statement of the Problem
The rising number of diabetic patients in Adamawa State is associated with an increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, a combination that significantly strains the healthcare system. Despite available treatments, many diabetic patients do not manage their blood glucose levels adequately, putting themat greater risk of developing cardiovascular complications. This study aims to investigate the extent of cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients and identify the factors that contribute to these complications.
Objectives of the Study
- To investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients in Adamawa State.
- To assess the relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in Adamawa State.
- To identify the factors that contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients in Adamawa State.
Research Questions
- What is the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients in Adamawa State?
- How does diabetes contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases in Adamawa State?
- What factors increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients in Adamawa State?
Research Hypotheses
- Diabetic patients in Adamawa State have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases compared to non-diabetic individuals.
- Poor management of diabetes is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients in Adamawa State.
- Lifestyle factors such as diet and physical inactivity significantly contribute to the higher risk of cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients in Adamawa State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on diabetic patients aged 18 and above in Adamawa State. It will include an assessment of the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, associated risk factors, and treatment adherence. Limitations may include difficulties in obtaining health records, potential recall bias in self-reported data, and the challenge of reaching patients in remote rural areas.
Definitions of Terms
- Diabetes Mellitus: A chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from either insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance.
- Cardiovascular Disease: A group of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke
- Atherosclerosis: The buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls, which can restrict blood flow and lead to cardiovascular disease.
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