Background of the Study
Consumer perception of food safety plays a pivotal role in shaping dietary habits and influencing market demand for food products. In Nasarawa State, diverse socio-cultural and economic factors contribute to how consumers perceive the safety and quality of food available in local markets. This perception is influenced by personal experiences, media reports, cultural beliefs, and the visible hygiene practices of food vendors (Ibrahim, 2024; Adeyemi, 2023).
In many communities in Nasarawa State, food safety concerns are heightened by reports of food contamination, improper storage, and adulteration. Despite these concerns, consumer trust in local food suppliers often remains high due to longstanding cultural ties and the lack of readily available alternatives. Additionally, many consumers rely on sensory evaluations such as appearance, smell, and taste to judge food safety, which may not accurately reflect underlying microbial or chemical hazards. Recent studies have emphasized that consumer perception can significantly influence purchasing behavior, which in turn affects the implementation of food safety practices by vendors (Chukwu, 2024).
Understanding consumer perceptions is essential for designing effective public health interventions and regulatory policies that address food safety concerns. This study aims to explore the perceptions of consumers in Nasarawa State regarding food safety, evaluate the factors that shape these perceptions, and identify discrepancies between perceived and actual food safety risks. The findings are expected to inform tailored communication strategies and policy reforms that enhance consumer awareness and drive improvements in food safety practices across the state (Ogunleye, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
In Nasarawa State, consumer perception of food safety is a critical issue that has not been thoroughly investigated. Despite ongoing concerns about food contamination and inadequate hygiene practices, there is limited empirical evidence on how consumers perceive these risks and how their perceptions influence their purchasing decisions. Misconceptions and cultural biases may lead consumers to underestimate the severity of food safety issues, thereby undermining efforts to improve food quality and safety (Lawal, 2024).
Furthermore, the lack of reliable information and effective communication from public health authorities exacerbates the situation. Consumers often rely on informal sources and anecdotal evidence, which can distort their understanding of food safety risks. This misalignment between perception and reality not only affects consumer behavior but also hinders the adoption of safer food handling practices by vendors. Inadequate consumer awareness, combined with insufficient regulatory oversight, creates an environment where food safety issues persist, putting public health at risk (Adebayo, 2023).
This study seeks to address these gaps by systematically investigating consumer perceptions of food safety in Nasarawa State. By examining the factors that shape these perceptions and comparing themwith actual safety practices, the research aims to provide insights that will inform more effective public health communication and policy interventions.
Objectives of the Study
Research Questions
Research Hypotheses
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on urban and rural consumers in selected communities of Nasarawa State. Data will be gathered using structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Limitations include potential response biases and difficulties in quantifying subjective perceptions.
Definitions of Terms
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