An Investigation of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Sokoto State
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Background of the Study
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains one of the most significant routes of HIV transmission, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In Sokoto State, the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women and the subsequent transmission to their infants is an ongoing public health concern. Although interventions like antiretroviral treatment (ART) have significantly reduced MTCT globally, many barriers prevent the full utilization of these services, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Social, cultural, and economic factors play a crucial role in influencing maternal decision-making regarding HIV testing, ART adherence, and the use of interventions such as prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. This study aims to investigate the rates and factors associated with mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Sokoto State, with a focus on the effectiveness of prevention programs and the role of healthcare infrastructure.
Statement of the Problem
Despite ongoing efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Sokoto State, there is still a significant number of children born with HIV due to various factors such as late presentation for antenatal care, limited access to PMTCT services, and poor adherence to prescribed HIV treatments. The awareness of HIV transmission during pregnancy and childbirth remains low among some segments of the population, which can contribute to the failure of prevention programs. Additionally, socio-cultural factors such as stigma, discrimination, and misinformation regarding HIV/AIDS complicate effective implementation of PMTCT interventions. This study seeks to explore the factors contributing to mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Sokoto State and identify ways to improve the effectiveness of PMTCT services.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Sokoto State.
- To identify socio-cultural, economic, and healthcare-related factors influencing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Sokoto State.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of existing PMTCT programs and services in Sokoto State.
Research Questions
- What is the current rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Sokoto State?
- What are the socio-cultural and healthcare-related factors influencing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Sokoto State?
- How effective are the current PMTCT programs and services in Sokoto State?
Research Hypotheses
- Socio-cultural factors significantly contribute to the high rates of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Sokoto State.
- Poor healthcare access and adherence to PMTCT interventions are key factors leading to mother-to-child transmission in Sokoto State.
- Existing PMTCT programs in Sokoto State are not fully effective in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on pregnant women and mothers in Sokoto State, examining the rates and causes of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. It will explore both rural and urban settings and analyze the role of healthcare facilities in preventing transmission. Limitations may include difficulty in accessing accurate data from HIV-positive mothers who are reluctant to disclose their status due to stigma, as well as potential challenges in getting data on late antenatal care attendance.
Definitions of Terms
- Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT): The transmission of HIV from an HIV-positive mother to her child during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breastfeeding.
- PMTCT (Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission): A set of interventions aimed at reducing the transmission of HIV from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding.
- Antenatal Care (ANC): Medical care provided to a pregnant woman to monitor and maintain her health and the health of the fetus.
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