PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR AFFECTING HEALTH PROMOTION IN DELTA STATE
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- 1-5 Chapters
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- Mean and Standard Deviation
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- NGN 5000
Background of the study
Health, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is not only the absence of disease or the capability to carry out daily tasks without difficulty but rather a condition that encompasses one's whole mental, emotional, and social well-being. In recent years, this vocabulary has evolved to include a broader range of capabilities, including the capacity to successfully navigate one's social and economic environments, as well as one's spiritual life (Yadav, 2010).
The struggle against illnesses and epidemics that have afflicted mankind for a significant amount of time has made significant headway as we enter the 21st century. We owe this to the struggle against infectious illnesses such as TB and typhoid, in order to minimize the size of infections and to lower the death rate among infants. Since both of these developments occurred at the same time, these accomplishments are credited to the field of medicine as well as medical biotechnology. There is a good chance that a great number of living organisms have been spared from extinction as a direct result of the widespread use of antibiotics and vaccinations in medical practice. Inquisitive studies have shown, however, that the improvement in the health situation was associated with increased awareness of hygiene and sanitation on the part of the population, i.e. the creation of water treatment plants or sewage systems. This was shown to be the cause of the improvement in the health situation. The more spectacular triumphs of medicine have been working hand in hand with the assumption that they represent the major key to maintaining one's health and living a long life. In the battle against a variety of illnesses, alternative treatments such as transplants, dialysis, genetic engineering, and computer diagnostics have demonstrated to be effective (Yadav, 2010).
However, the state of our health is also determined by the impacts of a set of complex and diverse elements, which may be categorized as exogenous (influences from the outside world) and endogenous (factors that originate inside the body) (genetic). The lifestyle, environmental and social variables, health habits, and many more are among those that come up most often in discussions on risk factors (World Health Organization 2007).
The purpose of the National Health Policy (1987) is to create a comprehensive health care system that is based on primary health care and provides promotive, protective, preventative, restorative, and rehabilitative services to all citizens within the constraints of the available resources. This is done to ensure that individuals and communities are assured of productivity, social well-being, and enjoyment of living. PHC-based health services include, among other things: education regarding prevalent health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them, promotion of food supply and proper nutrition, material and child care, including family planning immunization against the major infectious diseases, prevention and control of locally endemic and epidemic diseases, and provision of essential drugs and supplies. PHC-based health services also include: education concerning prevalent health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them. Local governments, with the assistance of state ministries of health and working within the framework of the broader national health strategy, are primarily responsible for the delivery of primary healthcare at the PHC level (Nigeria Constitution, 1999). In addition, medical professionals working in private practice provide health treatment at this level. PHC was considered to have achieved a lot of headway in the 1980s, but its aim of having 90 percent of the population covered was perhaps too ambitious, particularly in light of the economic pressures that structural adjustment caused for the Nigerian economy during the late 1980s. However, a large number of international donor organizations, such as the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), supported the program and took an active role in its development and implementation at that level (USAID, 1994). There was a time when the majority of the programs were driven by donors. At the height of the political crisis in 1993, the majority of them withdrew their money, which led to the program beginning to have problems. This was not a surprise development by any means. However, with the restoration of democracy in 1999, the primary health care system reached an intolerable degree of deterioration. It is possible to gauge how far a nation has progressed in terms of its health care infrastructure by looking at the degree to which it offers basic medical care, particularly in rural regions, via its primary healthcare system (PHC). The purpose of this article is to provide a description of various measures that, if put into action, can improve the appropriate and timely utilization of primary health care services by rural communities in Nigeria (World Health Organization 2007).
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest population yet has poor health care standards due to its large population of 170 million people. The great majority of Nigeria's population lives in rural regions, where they have, for the most part, very little or no access to the vital basic facilities that are available in urban areas. Abuja, Nigeria's National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA), according to their findings In spite of significant expenditures, the nation continues to have inadequate healthcare delivery infrastructures, inadequate health promotion methods, inadequate health care services, and unequally dispersed human resource capabilities (Adeniyi 2014). This is evident in its position of 187 out of 200 nations for the quality of its health care and in the fact that it is included among countries that have some of the lowest health indices in the world. Inadequate access to high-quality medical care facilities is a contributor to some of these other problems. Even while these facilities cater to the bulk of the population, they are unable to deliver even the most fundamental services in a way that is both affordable and efficient, particularly in more remote locations. According to Adeniyi (2014), this poor performance can be attributed to a number of factors. Some of these factors include inadequately staffed health facilities, inadequately equipped health facilities, a lack of clearly defined roles and responsibilities, inadequate political commitment, and inadequate accountability. It is very necessary to enhance the quality of treatment provided in primary health-care facilities; nevertheless, attempts to address the quality of care itself as a factor that contributes to the country's poor health outcomes get less attention. As a consequence of this reality, the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors that influence the usage of primary health care facilities.
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