Background of the Study
Micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women are a major public health concern, as they increase the risk of maternal and infant mortality, birth complications, and developmental disorders. Common deficiencies include iron, folic acid, iodine, and vitamin A, which are crucial for fetal development (Abdullahi & Ibrahim, 2023).
In Kaduna State, pregnant women, particularly those in rural areas, face challenges in accessing nutrient-rich diets and prenatal care. Cultural dietary restrictions, poverty, and inadequate healthcare services contribute to the high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies. Addressing this issue is vital to improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes in the region.
Statement of the Problem
Many pregnant women in Kaduna State suffer from undiagnosed micronutrient deficiencies, which contribute to complications such as anemia, birth defects, and low birth weight. Despite supplementation programs, many women remain at risk due to poor compliance, lack of awareness, and food insecurity. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and causes of micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women in Kaduna State and propose strategies for improving maternal nutrition.
Objectives of the Study
1. To determine the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women in Kaduna State.
2. To identify socio-economic and dietary factors influencing maternal micronutrient deficiencies.
3. To evaluate the effectiveness of current maternal nutrition programs in Kaduna State.
Research Questions
1. What is the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women in Kaduna State?
2. What socio-economic and dietary factors contribute to these deficiencies?
3. How effective are existing maternal nutrition programs in addressing these deficiencies?
Research Hypotheses
1. Micronutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent among pregnant women in Kaduna State.
2. Socio-economic and dietary factors significantly influence maternal micronutrient levels.
3. Existing maternal nutrition programs have a limited impact on improving micronutrient intake.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in urban and rural Kaduna State. Limitations may include challenges in obtaining accurate dietary intake data and participants' reluctance to disclose health information.
Definitions of Terms
• Micronutrient Deficiency: A lack of essential vitamins and minerals required for proper body function.
• Anemia: A condition caused by low iron levels, leading to fatigue and weakness.
• Prenatal Care: Healthcare provided to pregnant women to ensure maternal and fetal well-being.
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