An Evaluation of Health Risks Among Dry Cleaning and Laundry Workers in Adamawa State
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Background of the Study
Dry cleaning and laundry work involve frequent exposure to chemical solvents, detergents, and heat, posing significant occupational health risks. Many of these workers handle perchloroethylene (PERC), a common dry-cleaning solvent linked to skin irritation, respiratory issues, and potential long-term effects such as neurological disorders and cancer (Usman & Ibrahim, 2023). Additionally, prolonged exposure to hot environments, repetitive movements, and extended standing hours contribute to musculoskeletal disorders (Adebayo & Yusuf, 2024).
In Adamawa State, dry cleaning services have expanded to accommodate the growing population and urbanization. However, many workers in the industry operate in poorly ventilated spaces without adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), leading to increased health risks (Bello et al., 2024). Despite global recommendations for improved occupational safety in laundry and dry-cleaning operations, there is limited enforcement of workplace health regulations in Nigeria. Workers often lack awareness of the hazards they are exposed to, making them vulnerable to preventable occupational illnesses.
This study aims to evaluate the health risks faced by dry cleaning and laundry workers in Adamawa State, identifying the major hazards, assessing their awareness levels, and proposing strategies for improved occupational health and safety.
Statement of the Problem
Dry cleaning and laundry workers in Adamawa State face significant health risks due to exposure to hazardous chemicals, heat, and ergonomic challenges. Many of these workers lack formal training in handling chemicals safely and operate in environments with minimal health protections (Akinyemi & Salisu, 2024). Research has indicated that prolonged exposure to solvents such as PERC can lead to chronic health conditions, including kidney damage, lung diseases, and reproductive issues (Bello & Musa, 2024).
Despite the potential dangers, there is limited research on the occupational health risks affecting laundry and dry-cleaning workers in Adamawa State. The absence of regulatory oversight and workplace interventions increases their vulnerability to preventable health problems. This study seeks to assess these risks and provide recommendations for mitigating occupational hazards in the industry.
Objectives of the Study
1. To identify the major health risks associated with dry cleaning and laundry work in Adamawa State.
2. To assess the level of awareness among dry cleaning and laundry workers regarding occupational health risks.
3. To evaluate the effectiveness of current workplace safety measures and propose improvements.
Research Questions
1. What are the common health risks faced by dry cleaning and laundry workers in Adamawa State?
2. How knowledgeable are workers about the occupational hazards in the dry-cleaning industry?
3. What safety measures are currently in place, and how effective are they in preventing workplace-related health issues?
Research Hypotheses
1. Dry cleaning and laundry workers in Adamawa State experience significant health risks due to chemical exposure and poor ventilation.
2. A lack of awareness and training increases the likelihood of occupational health issues among workers.
3. Implementing safety protocols and protective measures will reduce health risks in the dry-cleaning and laundry industry.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on dry cleaning and laundry workers in Adamawa State, particularly those in small-scale and informal establishments. Limitations may include reluctance from workers to disclose health issues, lack of official health records, and variability in safety standards across different laundry businesses.
Definitions of Terms
• Perchloroethylene (PERC): A chemical solvent commonly used in dry cleaning that can cause health issues.
• Occupational Health Risks: Work-related hazards that can lead to physical or chemical exposure-related illnesses.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Safety gear such as gloves, masks, and aprons designed to minimize exposure to hazardous substances.
• Ergonomic Challenges: Workplace factors such as repetitive movements and prolonged standing that contribute to musculoskeletal disorders.
• Ventilation: The process of ensuring proper airflow in a workspace to reduce exposure to harmful chemicals.
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