An appraisal of body mass index and its relationship with physical activity in Borno State
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Background of the Study
Obesity and overweight are significant health concerns globally, with body mass index (BMI) being one of the most widely used tools to classify individuals as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese (Smith et al., 2023). Physical activity plays a key role in preventing and managing obesity and overweight, as it helps maintain a healthy BMI by balancing caloric intake and expenditure (Adeyemi et al., 2024). In Nigeria, the rising prevalence of obesity and related chronic conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, has become a growing public health issue (Akinmoladun et al., 2023).
In Borno State, located in northeastern Nigeria, the population faces unique challenges in terms of access to healthcare and health promotion services due to years of insecurity and socio-economic challenges. As a result, issues like obesity and sedentary lifestyles are increasingly observed, especially in urban areas such as Maiduguri, where lifestyle factors like poor diet and limited physical activity contribute to an increase in BMI (Musa et al., 2024). However, the relationship between BMI and physical activity in the state has not been well studied. This gap in research is particularly critical given that physical activity is considered a key preventive measure for managing BMI and reducing the burden of obesity-related health conditions.
This study aims to appraise the relationship between BMI and physical activity levels among individuals in Borno State, focusing on how physical activity correlates with the maintenance of a healthy BMI and overall physical health.
Statement of the Problem
The relationship between BMI and physical activity is well-established globally, but there is limited research on this correlation in Borno State. Obesity and overweight are on the rise, and with a large proportion of the population engaging in sedentary behaviors, the state faces increasing risks of obesity-related health issues. The absence of comprehensive data on BMI and physical activity levels in the state limits the development of targeted interventions to address these health concerns. Understanding the relationship between BMI and physical activity in Borno State could guide public health strategies aimed at promoting physical activity and improving BMI levels in the population.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the population in Borno State.
2. To evaluate the level of physical activity among individuals in Borno State.
3. To examine the relationship between BMI and physical activity levels in Borno State.
Research Questions
1. What is the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Borno State?
2. What are the levels of physical activity among individuals in Borno State?
3. How does physical activity correlate with BMI in Borno State?
Research Hypotheses
1. There is a significant prevalence of overweight and obesity in Borno State.
2. Individuals with higher levels of physical activity have lower BMI in Borno State.
3. Physical activity is negatively associated with the prevalence of obesity and overweight in Borno State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on adults in Borno State, including both urban and rural areas. Data will be collected through BMI measurements and physical activity surveys. Limitations may include the potential for underreporting of physical activity levels, challenges in accessing remote areas due to security concerns, and limited resources for conducting large-scale studies.
Definitions of Terms
• Body Mass Index (BMI): A measure of body fat based on an individual’s weight in relation to their height, used to classify individuals as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese.
• Obesity: A condition characterized by excessive body fat, often defined as having a BMI of 30 or higher.
• Physical Activity: Any movement that requires energy expenditure, including activities like walking, exercising, and sports.
• Overweight: A condition where an individual has a BMI between 25 and 29.9.
• Sedentary Behavior: A lifestyle characterized by little or no physical activity, such as sitting for prolonged periods.
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