An Investigation of the Knowledge and Awareness of Prostate Cancer Screening Among Men in Kaduna State
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Background of the Study
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men worldwide, with significant mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria (WHO, 2024). The disease is often asymptomatic in its early stages, making screening crucial for early detection and treatment (Adegboye & Ojo, 2024). In Nigeria, prostate cancer accounts for approximately 20% of all male cancers, with a high incidence reported in older men (Nigerian Cancer Registry, 2024). Despite the growing burden of prostate cancer, knowledge and awareness about screening methods such as the Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test and digital rectal examination (DRE) remain low among men in Nigeria (Ogunleye et al., 2024).
Kaduna State, located in northern Nigeria, faces challenges in promoting men's health awareness due to cultural perceptions, lack of health education, and limited healthcare access (Bello et al., 2024). Many men perceive prostate cancer screening as unnecessary unless they experience symptoms, leading to late-stage diagnosis and poor prognosis (WHO, 2024). Additionally, misconceptions about prostate cancer screening, including fear of discomfort, cost concerns, and religious beliefs, further contribute to low screening uptake (Adegboye & Ojo, 2024).
Although healthcare professionals advocate for routine screening for men above 50 years, uptake remains low in Kaduna State. There is a need to assess the level of knowledge and awareness among men to develop targeted interventions that can promote early detection and reduce mortality rates. This study aims to investigate the knowledge, awareness, and factors influencing prostate cancer screening among men in Kaduna State.
Statement of the Problem
Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Nigerian men due to late detection and poor health-seeking behavior (Nigerian Cancer Registry, 2024). Despite the increasing burden of the disease, there is limited knowledge and awareness about prostate cancer screening among men in Kaduna State (Bello et al., 2024). Many men are unaware of the benefits of early screening and often present at hospitals only when symptoms become severe (WHO, 2024).
Studies have shown that cultural beliefs, stigma, and lack of education significantly contribute to low screening rates (Ogunleye et al., 2024). Without proper awareness campaigns and healthcare interventions, prostate cancer mortality will continue to rise in Kaduna State. This study seeks to assess the level of knowledge, awareness, and willingness of men in Kaduna State to participate in prostate cancer screening programs.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the level of knowledge and awareness of prostate cancer screening among men in Kaduna State.
2. To examine the factors influencing prostate cancer screening uptake.
3. To recommend strategies for improving prostate cancer screening awareness and participation.
Research Questions
1. What is the level of knowledge and awareness about prostate cancer screening among men in Kaduna State?
2. What factors influence prostate cancer screening uptake in Kaduna State?
3. What strategies can be implemented to improve prostate cancer screening awareness?
Research Hypotheses
1. There is a significant knowledge gap regarding prostate cancer screening among men in Kaduna State.
2. Sociocultural and economic factors influence the uptake of prostate cancer screening.
3. Increased awareness and education will improve prostate cancer screening participation.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on men aged 40 and above in Kaduna State, assessing their knowledge, awareness, and perceptions of prostate cancer screening. Limitations may include reluctance to discuss prostate health due to cultural barriers and limited access to rural populations.
Definitions of Terms
• Prostate Cancer: A malignant tumor that develops in the prostate gland (WHO, 2024).
• Screening: Medical tests used to detect diseases before symptoms appear (Adegboye & Ojo, 2024).
• Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: A blood test used to screen for prostate cancer (Nigerian Cancer Registry, 2024).
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