An Assessment of Household Waste Management and Its Health Implications in Borno State
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Background of the Study
Household waste management is a critical public health and environmental concern, particularly in developing regions where waste disposal systems are often inadequate. In Borno State, improper waste management has led to serious health and environmental challenges, including the proliferation of diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever, and respiratory infections (Ali & Mustapha, 2024). The increasing population, coupled with displacement due to insurgency, has exacerbated the problem, leading to unregulated waste disposal in urban and peri-urban areas.
Poor sanitation and improper waste disposal create breeding grounds for disease-carrying vectors such as mosquitoes, rodents, and flies. Open dumping and burning of waste further contribute to environmental pollution, exposing residents to hazardous toxins and increasing the prevalence of respiratory conditions (Usman et al., 2023). Despite policies aimed at improving waste management, enforcement remains weak due to resource constraints and low public awareness (Garba & Ibrahim, 2024).
Given the direct link between improper waste disposal and public health risks, it is essential to assess household waste management practices and their implications for health in Borno State. This study seeks to identify key challenges, evaluate the effectiveness of current waste management systems, and recommend sustainable solutions.
Statement of the Problem
The improper management of household waste in Borno State poses significant health risks, particularly in urban centers and internally displaced persons (IDP) camps. The lack of proper waste collection and disposal services leads to the accumulation of waste in residential areas, increasing the risk of communicable diseases (Ahmed & Yusuf, 2023). Additionally, open burning of waste releases harmful pollutants that contribute to respiratory illnesses and environmental degradation.
Despite efforts by the government and environmental agencies, waste management remains a pressing issue due to limited funding, inadequate infrastructure, and low public participation in waste disposal initiatives. There is a need for empirical research to assess the impact of household waste management on health outcomes and to propose viable strategies for improvement.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the current household waste management practices in Borno State.
- To examine the health implications of improper waste disposal in urban and peri-urban areas.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of existing waste management policies and recommend improvements.
Research Questions
- What are the predominant household waste management practices in Borno State?
- How does improper waste disposal impact public health in the state?
- What measures can be implemented to improve waste management practices?
Research Hypotheses
- Poor household waste management practices are significantly associated with increased cases of communicable diseases.
- Open dumping and burning of waste contribute to respiratory illnesses in urban areas.
- Strengthening waste management policies leads to improved public health outcomes.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on household waste management in major urban centers and IDP camps in Borno State. Data will be collected through surveys, health records, and government reports. Limitations include potential underreporting of waste-related illnesses and difficulties in accessing certain areas due to security concerns.
Definition of Terms
- Household Waste Management: The process of collecting, treating, and disposing of domestic waste.
- Communicable Diseases: Illnesses that spread through direct contact, water, air, or vectors, often linked to poor sanitation.
- Open Dumping: The practice of discarding waste in open, unregulated areas without treatment.
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