Corroboration is evidence that tends to confirm a fact for which further evidence is provided. Common sense dictates that the more corroboration there is, the easier it is to establish a fact, and a court will always search for supporting evidence.
According to Osborn's Concise Dictionary1, corroboration is defined as independent evidence that implicates a person accused of a crime by connecting him with it, or evidence that confirms in some fact, specifically not only that the crime was committed but also that the accused actually committed the crime. According to the Oxford Dictionary2, corroboration is evidence provided to support or strengthen existing evidence.
According to the Evidence Act3, corroboration is an independent statement given by another witness that verifies the veracity of the initial evidence. It is also the requirement in some jurisdictions, such as Scotland, that any evidence presented be supported by at least one additional source.
Furthermore, under some situations, corroboration is a necessary condition, in the sense that no matter how strong the evidence requiring verification is, the party relying on that evidence will fail unless he adduces corroboration.
Corroboration is thus required if necessary in order to ensure that such evidence may be utilised to condemn the accused. Corroboration is a basis for the admissibility of specific evidence for the purpose of conviction, and if the corroborating evidence differs from the existing evidence, the accused cannot be convicted based on the existing evidence. This essay will look at the different instances when corroboration must or may be necessary before a conviction, corroboration under common law, and corroboration under Nigerian law. It will also investigate the positions of judges and statutory authorities, as well as analyse numerous topics related to corroboration. This study is primarily concerned with assessing corroboration as defined by Nigerian evidence law. There will also be an understanding of diverse situations such as when, where, and why corroboration is necessary.
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