An Investigation into the Role of Public Health Nurses in Reducing Neonatal Mortality Rates in Borno State
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Background of the Study
Neonatal mortality remains a significant public health challenge in many regions of Nigeria, including Borno State, which continues to experience high rates of infant deaths. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), neonatal mortality is often linked to preventable conditions such as infections, complications during birth, and lack of access to proper healthcare services. In Borno State, factors such as insecurity, limited healthcare infrastructure, and inadequate skilled birth attendants exacerbate the problem (UNICEF, 2023).
Public health nurses (PHNs), with their focus on community-based care and preventive health interventions, are uniquely positioned to address neonatal mortality. They can provide essential services such as antenatal care, immunization, health education, and support for safe deliveries, which have been shown to reduce the incidence of neonatal deaths. However, the extent to which PHNs are involved in these interventions and their impact on neonatal mortality in Borno State remains unclear. This study aims to explore the role of public health nurses in addressing neonatal mortality in the region, particularly through community outreach programs and preventive healthcare initiatives.
Statement of the Problem
Despite national and international efforts to reduce neonatal mortality, Borno State continues to face high neonatal death rates, which are often linked to preventable causes. Public health nurses, with their community-oriented approach, have the potential to make significant contributions in addressing this issue. However, the specific role of PHNs in neonatal care and the impact of their interventions on reducing neonatal mortality in Borno State have not been systematically investigated. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining the contributions of PHNs in neonatal health and identifying strategies to enhance their effectiveness.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the role of public health nurses in neonatal care in Borno State.
2. To evaluate the effectiveness of PHNs in reducing neonatal mortality through preventive and educational interventions.
3. To identify barriers and challenges that limit the impact of PHNs on neonatal mortality rates in Borno State.
Research Questions
1. What role do public health nurses play in reducing neonatal mortality rates in Borno State?
2. How effective are PHNs in implementing interventions to prevent neonatal deaths?
3. What are the barriers that hinder the effectiveness of PHNs in reducing neonatal mortality in Borno State?
Research Hypotheses
1. Public health nurses contribute significantly to reducing neonatal mortality rates in Borno State through their interventions.
2. Educational and preventive healthcare interventions by PHNs are associated with a reduction in neonatal deaths in Borno State.
3. Barriers such as insecurity, limited resources, and lack of training hinder the effectiveness of PHNs in reducing neonatal mortality in Borno State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on public health nurses working in various healthcare settings across Borno State, particularly those involved in maternal and child health programs. Data will be collected through interviews with PHNs, healthcare administrators, and families of neonates, as well as a review of neonatal mortality records. Limitations may include the difficulty of accessing some areas due to security concerns and variability in the level of healthcare infrastructure across the state.
Definitions of Terms
• Public Health Nurses (PHNs): Nurses trained to provide community-based healthcare services, focusing on health promotion, disease prevention, and maternal and child health.
• Neonatal Mortality: The death of a newborn within the first 28 days of life.
• Preventive Healthcare: Health services and strategies aimed at preventing illness and improving health, particularly through early interventions.
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