Background of the Study
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life is widely recognized as one of the most effective interventions for improving infant health and survival. It provides infants with essential nutrients and antibodies, boosting their immune systems and reducing the risk of malnutrition and infections (Hassan et al., 2024). In Bauchi State, however, exclusive breastfeeding rates remain suboptimal, with cultural practices, lack of education, and limited support for mothers hindering widespread adoption.
Public health nurses (PHNs) play an essential role in promoting exclusive breastfeeding through education, support, and community outreach programs. They provide counseling to mothers on the benefits of breastfeeding, address barriers to exclusive breastfeeding such as work-related challenges and misconceptions, and advocate for policies supporting breastfeeding (Aliyu et al., 2023). PHNs in Bauchi State have been involved in initiatives to improve maternal and child health, particularly by conducting breastfeeding campaigns and offering direct support to mothers in both urban and rural areas.
However, there is limited research on the specific impact of public health nursing on exclusive breastfeeding practices in Bauchi State. This study aims to evaluate the role of public health nurses in promoting and supporting exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers, examining their contribution to improving breastfeeding rates and infant health outcomes.
Statement of the Problem
Exclusive breastfeeding rates in Bauchi State are low, despite evidence of its health benefits for both infants and mothers. Public health nurses are well-positioned to address this issue through education, support, and advocacy. However, the specific impact of their efforts on exclusive breastfeeding practices remains unclear. This study seeks to evaluate the role of public health nurses in improving exclusive breastfeeding rates in Bauchi State.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the role of public health nurses in promoting exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers in Bauchi State.
2. To evaluate the impact of public health nurses' interventions on exclusive breastfeeding rates and infant health outcomes.
3. To identify barriers to exclusive breastfeeding and challenges faced by public health nurses in promoting breastfeeding in Bauchi State.
Research Questions
1. What role do public health nurses play in promoting exclusive breastfeeding practices in Bauchi State?
2. How do public health nurses' interventions impact exclusive breastfeeding rates and infant health outcomes in Bauchi State?
3. What challenges do public health nurses face in promoting exclusive breastfeeding practices in Bauchi State?
Research Hypotheses
1. Public health nurses play a significant role in promoting exclusive breastfeeding practices in Bauchi State.
2. Public health nurses' interventions increase exclusive breastfeeding rates and improve infant health outcomes.
3. Barriers such as cultural beliefs, lack of support, and inadequate resources hinder the effectiveness of public health nurses in promoting exclusive breastfeeding practices in Bauchi State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on the role of public health nurses in promoting exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers in Bauchi State. Limitations may include challenges in accessing rural populations, variability in nurse training and support, and difficulties in measuring long-term breastfeeding outcomes.
Definitions of Terms
• Public Health Nurses: Nurses working within the public health system to improve community health through education, prevention, and care.
• Exclusive Breastfeeding: The practice of feeding an infant only breast milk for the first six months of life, with no other liquids or solid foods.
• Infant Health Outcomes: The effects of exclusive breastfeeding on infant health, including growth, immunity, and reduced risk of diseases.
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