An evaluation of nurses’ roles in tuberculosis control at State Specialist Hospital, Bauchi
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Background of the Study
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where healthcare resources are often inadequate. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2024), TB remains one of the top infectious diseases worldwide, with Nigeria ranking among the high-burden countries. Effective TB control requires a comprehensive approach involving early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, infection control measures, and patient education. Nurses play a crucial role in TB control by facilitating patient-centered care, promoting adherence to treatment regimens, and conducting health education on TB prevention and management (Madhav et al., 2023).
State Specialist Hospital, Bauchi, serves as a referral center for TB patients in northern Nigeria. As frontline healthcare providers, nurses are directly involved in TB case detection, treatment supervision, and community outreach. They ensure that patients adhere to Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS), a globally recommended TB treatment strategy (WHO, 2023). However, despite their significant role, there are concerns about the effectiveness of nurses' contributions to TB control, particularly in resource-limited settings like Bauchi. Studies suggest that challenges such as inadequate training, workload pressure, and insufficient diagnostic tools hinder effective TB control in Nigerian hospitals (Adekunle & Ibrahim, 2024).
Moreover, nurses' engagement in TB control is influenced by institutional policies, availability of drugs, and patient compliance with treatment protocols. A study by Chukwuma et al. (2023) highlights that TB treatment success rates are higher in facilities where nurses are well-trained in TB management and adhere to infection prevention protocols. However, limited research exists on the specific contributions of nurses in TB control at the State Specialist Hospital, Bauchi. This study, therefore, seeks to evaluate the roles nurses play in TB control in this hospital, examining their impact on patient outcomes and identifying the challenges they face in executing their responsibilities.
Statement of the Problem
Despite Nigeria’s national TB control programs, the country continues to struggle with high TB prevalence and treatment non-compliance. At the State Specialist Hospital, Bauchi, nurses play a crucial role in TB management, yet the effectiveness of their contributions remains underexplored. Existing studies (Okafor & Musa, 2024) suggest that poor adherence to TB treatment protocols and inadequate patient education are major factors affecting TB control. However, the specific contributions of nurses in addressing these challenges have not been adequately assessed.
There is also a lack of data on whether nurses at the hospital receive adequate training on TB control strategies or if they are equipped with the necessary resources to carry out their responsibilities effectively. According to WHO (2023), proper nurse involvement in TB control significantly improves treatment adherence and infection control. However, the extent to which these strategies are implemented in State Specialist Hospital, Bauchi, remains unknown. Additionally, challenges such as stigma, poor health-seeking behavior, and patient non-compliance further complicate TB management.
Without a clear evaluation of the role of nurses in TB control, healthcare administrators may struggle to implement effective strategies for improving patient outcomes. This study, therefore, seeks to bridge this knowledge gap by evaluating the contributions of nurses to TB control at the State Specialist Hospital, Bauchi, and identifying the key challenges affecting their effectiveness.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the role of nurses in TB case detection, treatment supervision, and patient education at the State Specialist Hospital, Bauchi.
2. To examine the impact of nurses’ involvement on TB treatment adherence and patient recovery rates.
3. To identify the challenges faced by nurses in implementing TB control measures at the hospital.
Research Questions
1. What roles do nurses play in TB case detection, treatment supervision, and patient education at the State Specialist Hospital, Bauchi?
2. How does nurses' involvement in TB control influence treatment adherence and patient recovery rates?
3. What are the key challenges affecting nurses’ ability to implement effective TB control measures?
Research Hypotheses
1. Nurses play a significant role in TB case detection, treatment supervision, and patient education at the State Specialist Hospital, Bauchi.
2. Increased nurse involvement in TB control is positively associated with higher treatment adherence and improved patient recovery rates.
3. Limited resources and inadequate training are major barriers to effective TB control by nurses at the hospital.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on nurses at the State Specialist Hospital, Bauchi, and their roles in TB control. It does not include other healthcare professionals, such as doctors or laboratory technicians, involved in TB management. The study is limited to evaluating nurses’ contributions to TB case detection, treatment adherence, and patient education. Challenges such as institutional constraints and patient-related factors will be considered but not extensively analyzed beyond their impact on nurses’ roles.
Definitions of Terms
• Tuberculosis (TB): An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs.
• Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS): A WHO-recommended TB treatment strategy that ensures patients take their medications under healthcare supervision.
• Treatment adherence: The extent to which patients follow prescribed TB treatment regimens.
• TB control: Strategies aimed at preventing, diagnosing, and treating tuberculosis to reduce its spread and impact.
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