An Examination of Nurses' Adherence to WHO Guidelines on Safe Childbirth Practices at Kaduna State University Teaching Hospital
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Background of the Study
Safe childbirth practices are crucial to reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed comprehensive guidelines to promote safe childbirth, ensuring that women and newborns receive adequate care during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and the immediate postpartum period. These guidelines include recommendations on prenatal care, the use of skilled birth attendants, hygienic delivery practices, and timely interventions to prevent complications such as hemorrhage, infections, and obstructed labor (WHO, 2023). Despite the widespread availability of these guidelines, studies show varying levels of adherence to these protocols, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (Meleis et al., 2024).
Kaduna State University Teaching Hospital (KTSUH), located in Northern Nigeria, serves as a training and referral center, providing essential maternity services to a large population. Given the critical role of nurses in the management of labor and delivery, their adherence to WHO guidelines can significantly impact maternal and neonatal outcomes. Nurses in this setting are responsible for ensuring that safe childbirth practices are followed, which include proper monitoring during labor, timely intervention for complications, and postnatal care. This study examines the level of adherence to the WHO guidelines by nurses at KTSUH and explores factors that influence their compliance with safe childbirth practices.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the availability of WHO guidelines on safe childbirth practices, there is limited research on how well these guidelines are adhered to by nurses at KTSUH. Non-adherence to these guidelines may lead to preventable complications and suboptimal care, increasing the risks of maternal and neonatal mortality. This study seeks to examine the factors affecting nurses' adherence to these guidelines at KTSUH and assess the implications for improving maternal and neonatal care.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the level of adherence to WHO guidelines on safe childbirth practices among nurses at KTSUH.
- To identify the factors that influence nurses' adherence to WHO guidelines on safe childbirth practices at KTSUH.
- To suggest strategies for improving adherence to WHO guidelines on safe childbirth practices among nurses at KTSUH.
Research Questions
- What is the level of adherence to WHO guidelines on safe childbirth practices among nurses at KTSUH?
- What factors influence nurses' adherence to WHO guidelines on safe childbirth practices at KTSUH?
- What strategies can be employed to improve adherence to WHO guidelines on safe childbirth practices at KTSUH?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses at KTSUH who have received regular training on WHO guidelines adhere more strictly to safe childbirth practices compared to those who have not.
- There is a significant relationship between nurses' adherence to WHO guidelines and the quality of care provided to mothers and newborns during childbirth.
- Factors such as lack of resources, high patient load, and inadequate training negatively affect nurses' adherence to WHO guidelines at KTSUH.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on nurses working in the labor and delivery units at KTSUH. It will examine their adherence to the WHO guidelines on safe childbirth practices, including their training, resources, and protocols in place. The study will not include nurses from other hospital departments or healthcare settings.
A limitation of the study is the potential bias in self-reported data regarding adherence to guidelines. Additionally, the study's findings may not be generalized to other hospitals with different resource settings or populations.
Definitions of Terms
- WHO guidelines on safe childbirth practices: The set of recommendations issued by the World Health Organization to promote safe practices during childbirth, aimed at reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
- Adherence: The extent to which nurses follow the recommended practices outlined in the WHO guidelines during the management of childbirth.
- Safe childbirth practices: Medical and nursing interventions that ensure the health and safety of both the mother and the newborn during labor, delivery, and the postnatal period.
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