Background of the study
Elections have not only become an indicator for the end of autocracy or a transition to democracy, but the credibility of the electoral process has also become a tool for evaluating the integrity and legitimacy of a democratic regime. This is because elections have become an instrument for the demise of authoritarianism. A credible election is one in which the residents of the country and the world community agree that the voting process was conducted in a free and fair manner. It is one thing to have elections, another to make the transition to democracy, and still another to continue holding elections at regular intervals for many years after the transformation has taken place. To have credible elections, which are elections that are generally acknowledged as being free and fair by people as well as the international world, signifies something else entirely. It follows that the acceptance of election outcomes by stakeholders would consequently raise the likelihood of democracy being more stable.
A democracy is a form of governance that encourages the engagement of the general populace in governmental affairs and holds elected officials accountable to the people for the decisions they make. The representatives are public office holders who are voted into office by the people via an election process; their primary job is to advocate the interest of the voters in the government. This is because the representatives are elected by the people.
On the other hand, elections are the essential driving force behind democracy. It is the pivot point around which democratic government operates. "Election is a process through which the people choose their leaders and indicate their preference for policies and program and consequently invest a government with the authority to rule," write Osumah and Aghemelo (2010). "Election is a process through which the people choose their leaders and indicate their preference for policies and program." "It is the process by which eligible adult voters elect their politically chosen members to parliament legislature of a county (or any other public offices)," according to Ozor (2010). The goal of this method is to "frame and operate the government of the country." There is faith in this mechanism because it gives the people the ability to decide who should wield political power in relation to the various interests they have. It does this by providing the ballot as an outlet for the expression of voter preference based on the voter's evaluation of the honesty of candidates and the dependability of candidate party manifestos. This inspires confidence in the mechanism.
In the fourth republic of Nigeria, the issue of democratization has been centered on the difficulties presented by electoral misconduct. Aside from the longer years of colonial domination and post-independence military expedition that ended with the fourth republic, elections in the country have been inundated with spiraling misconducts in the electoral process as confirmed by domestic and external election monitoring bodies during the elections of the fourth republic. This is in addition to the longer years of colonial domination and post-independence military expedition that ended with the fourth republic. Even as the country struggles with many other challenges, such as corruption, factionalism, insurgency, unemployment, poverty, illiteracy, and ethno-religious disharmony, the phenomenon of election misconduct has been a clog in the wheels of democratization in the country. This is the case despite the fact that the country is struggling with many other challenges. Using the fourth republic as a case study, the purpose of this study is to investigate election misconduct and democratic consolidation. This study is based on the following premise.
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