Background to the Study
Universities around the world are centres for academic pursuits and places where learning is sought at its highest level. It is vital to remind ourselves of the aims of a university since stating the purpose of universities is critical for a correct chart of the university course. According to Madeline (2018), universities are intended to serve the following purposes: to create locations for pure culture and study for the sake of learning.
These functions demonstrate the weighty obligations that colleges have. To achieve such aims, a university must be appropriately prepared and dedicated to carry out such obligations.
Regrettably, Nigerian institutions, particularly the University of Benin, have fallen short of these principles, and they are plagued by a slew of issues that jeopardize their proper functioning and, in particular, the student. These issues include: i.provision of essential infrastructure such as housing, power, water, and transportation.
ii.University funding, which includes the payment of lecturers' salaries, the provision of part-time jobs for students and scholarships, inflation, deflation, and graduate unemployment after graduation.
iii.Parents' economic position and income as it influences students
According to Felsten and Wilcox (2021), the problem of Nigerian institutions as it pertains to undergraduate students has grown over time due to growing enrollment and inadequate finance. The University of Benin's Faculty of Education is not immune to these shortcomings. The lack of basic infrastructure and parents' economic position would have a direct impact on teaching and learning for pupils, which would reflect on their grade level in school. Students may experience stress as a result of a lack of these essentials. For successful learning to occur, the appropriate conditions that are favourable to this memory must be created. Stress can have an impact on learning and memory. Although an optimal level of stress can improve learning ability (Kaplan and Sadock, 2000), excessive stress can lead to physical and mental health problems, lower students' self-esteem (Niemi and Vainiomaki 2019), and negatively impact academic achievement.
Stress, according to a high school psychology textbook, is a specific pattern of distressing psychological and physiological reaction that occurs when an environmental event threatens important motives and tests one's ability to cope.
Stress, according to the Medical Review Board, is the body's reaction to change that necessitates a physical, mental, or emotional adjustment or response.
Han Selye created the term "stress." Hans was born in Vienna in 1901. In his second year of medical school (1926), he began developing his now-famous hypothesis on the impact of stress on people's ability to cope with and adapt to injury and illness stressors. He noticed that individuals suffering from a range of conditions displayed many identical symptoms, which he eventually ascribed to their bodies' efforts to adapt to the stress of illness. He referred to this group of symptoms as a different stress disorder, stress syndrome, or the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). Selye described stress as the body's non-specific response to any strain placed on it. Each demand placed on the body is distinct in that it elicits a distinct reaction. When we are chilly, we shiver; when we are hot, we perspire; and a significant muscular exertion raises the demand on the heat and vascular systems. However, regardless of the specific reaction, a non-specific response is generated that is independent of the reason. For example, a lady who is told that her husband has died unexpectedly feels a horrible emotional shock; nevertheless, if he walks into the room alive and well afterwards, she experiences immense delight. The particular consequences of stress are diametrically opposed, yet the non-specific effects are the same.
Professor Hans Selye, a pioneer in stress research, has collected tens of thousands of pieces of medical research that detail the body's reaction to nearly every imaginable sort of stress. He defines this nervous energy bank account as follows: It's as if each person was born with a certain amount of adaptability energy. His genetic background determines the severity of this. There's only so much of it, and we need to budget wisely (The stress of life, page 15). According to Schaffer (2016)., stress is what a person feels when he is under pressure and unable to deal. Personal aspirations might be linked to stress. A stressful era of life, such as balancing college demands with the responsibilities of a job, a family, or both, has an influence on an individual's academic progress. Stressors abound in our daily lives, as do living conditions, and uncomfortable living remains a concern, particularly in a demanding academic setting like our Nigerian institutions.
With all of the numerous benefits of civilized westernized, urbanized existence comes stress, and virtually everyone experiences it at some point (A guide to family Health, page 24). Stress is essentially the outcome of an internal or external disruption that affects the human system's balance. All humans, whether at work or outside of work, experience stress when their lives or well-being are endangered or when they are confronted with unpleasant elements such as generated severe heat, cold, pain, biotic stress vectors, and so on (Gherman, 1981). Many things have been highlighted as stressors in the university setting. Among these are:
1.Aiming for higher academic standing
2.Examination Nervosity
3.Inadequate rest or sleep
4.Inadequate dietary habits
5.Overscheduling stress as a result of inadequate time management.
Knowing all of this as a prerequisite for positive academic performance of university students, who are critical to our economic growth, one approach to safeguard our investment is to help them stay healthy; hence, the study of the effects of stress on student academic performance.
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