An Evaluation of Nurses' Knowledge and Adherence to Standard Precautions in Handling Hazardous Drugs at Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki
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Background of the Study
Handling hazardous drugs in healthcare settings presents significant risks to healthcare workers, particularly nurses, who are frequently in direct contact with these substances. Hazardous drugs, including chemotherapy agents, antiviral medications, and certain antibiotics, can cause harm through inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, or injection. As such, adherence to standard precautions is crucial in safeguarding the health and safety of nurses and other healthcare workers (Ita et al., 2023). Standard precautions include using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), following safe handling practices, and ensuring proper disposal of hazardous drug containers. Nurses play an essential role in minimizing the risk of exposure to hazardous drugs by strictly following these safety protocols.
Federal Teaching Hospital (FTH), Abakaliki, is a major healthcare institution in the southeastern region of Nigeria, providing critical care services, including the administration of hazardous drugs such as chemotherapy. Despite the well-established guidelines for handling hazardous drugs, studies indicate that healthcare workers, including nurses, may not always adhere to these protocols, potentially leading to harmful exposure (Ogunfowora et al., 2024). This study aims to evaluate nurses’ knowledge of hazardous drug safety protocols and assess their adherence to standard precautions in handling these drugs at FTH Abakaliki.
Statement of the Problem
The handling of hazardous drugs in clinical settings is an area of significant concern due to the potential health risks posed to healthcare workers. Nurses at FTH Abakaliki are responsible for administering hazardous drugs to patients, but there are concerns regarding their knowledge of the proper safety protocols and their adherence to standard precautions. Non-compliance with these precautions may lead to occupational hazards, including acute and long-term health problems. This study will assess the level of nurses’ knowledge and adherence to these safety protocols at FTH Abakaliki.
Objectives of the Study
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To assess the level of nurses' knowledge regarding standard precautions in handling hazardous drugs at FTH Abakaliki.
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To evaluate the adherence of nurses to standard safety precautions in handling hazardous drugs at FTH Abakaliki.
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To identify factors influencing nurses' adherence to standard precautions in handling hazardous drugs at FTH Abakaliki.
Research Questions
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What is the level of nurses' knowledge about standard precautions in handling hazardous drugs at FTH Abakaliki?
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How well do nurses at FTH Abakaliki adhere to standard precautions when handling hazardous drugs?
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What factors influence nurses' adherence to safety precautions in handling hazardous drugs at FTH Abakaliki?
Research Hypotheses
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There is no significant relationship between nurses' knowledge of hazardous drug safety protocols and their adherence to standard precautions at FTH Abakaliki.
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Nurses who have received specialized training in handling hazardous drugs are more likely to adhere to standard precautions.
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Environmental factors, such as availability of PPE and institutional policies, significantly affect nurses' adherence to safety protocols in handling hazardous drugs at FTH Abakaliki.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on nurses working in areas where hazardous drugs are administered at Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki. The study is limited by the sample size, which will only include nurses from one healthcare institution, and the possibility of self-reporting biases.
Definitions of Terms
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Hazardous Drugs: Drugs that have been identified as potentially harmful to healthcare workers due to their toxicity, mutagenic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic properties.
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Standard Precautions: The set of safety practices designed to minimize the risk of exposure to hazardous drugs, including the use of PPE, proper handling, and safe disposal methods.
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Protective gear worn by healthcare workers to reduce exposure to harmful substances, such as gloves, gowns, masks, and face shields.
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