The Effect of Peer Education Programs on Adherence to Cardiac Rehabilitation in Akwa Ibom State
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Background of the Study
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major global health concern, accounting for a significant percentage of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an evidence-based intervention designed to enhance recovery and prevent secondary cardiac events among individuals who have experienced heart disease, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and post-cardiac surgery (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). Despite its benefits, adherence to CR programs remains low, particularly in low-resource settings such as Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria (Okon et al., 2024).
Peer education programs, which involve trained individuals sharing knowledge and experiences with their peers, have emerged as an effective approach to improving adherence to health interventions (Adeyemi & Johnson, 2023). These programs provide social support, improve health literacy, and enhance motivation for participation in rehabilitation programs. In the context of cardiac rehabilitation, peer education may serve as a cost-effective strategy to encourage adherence by addressing psychosocial barriers such as fear, lack of motivation, and misinformation about rehabilitation exercises (Eze & Mohammed, 2023).
Despite the potential benefits of peer education in promoting adherence to CR programs, there is limited empirical evidence on its effectiveness in Nigeria. This study aims to assess the impact of peer education programs on adherence to cardiac rehabilitation among patients in Akwa Ibom State.
Statement of the Problem
Non-adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs is a significant public health concern, leading to poor recovery outcomes and increased risks of recurrent cardiovascular events (Bassey et al., 2024). In Nigeria, factors such as inadequate awareness, financial constraints, lack of family support, and cultural beliefs contribute to low adherence rates (Adebayo & Omoniyi, 2023).
In Akwa Ibom State, many cardiac patients fail to complete the recommended rehabilitation sessions, reducing their chances of long-term recovery. While peer education programs have been used successfully in other healthcare interventions, their effectiveness in promoting CR adherence among cardiac patients in Nigeria remains largely unexplored. This study seeks to determine whether peer education programs can improve adherence to CR programs and enhance overall cardiac health outcomes.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the impact of peer education programs on adherence to cardiac rehabilitation among patients in Akwa Ibom State.
- To examine factors influencing patients' participation in peer education-based cardiac rehabilitation.
- To identify challenges associated with implementing peer education programs for cardiac rehabilitation adherence.
Research Questions
- How do peer education programs influence adherence to cardiac rehabilitation among patients in Akwa Ibom State?
- What factors affect patients’ participation in peer education-based cardiac rehabilitation?
- What challenges are associated with the implementation of peer education programs for cardiac rehabilitation adherence?
Research Hypotheses
- Peer education programs significantly improve adherence to cardiac rehabilitation.
- Factors such as social support and health literacy influence patients’ participation in peer education-based cardiac rehabilitation.
- Implementation challenges negatively affect the effectiveness of peer education programs in cardiac rehabilitation.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation programs in selected healthcare facilities in Akwa Ibom State. It will examine the effectiveness of peer education interventions and factors influencing adherence. Limitations may include differences in patient motivation levels, variations in peer educators' training, and challenges in tracking long-term adherence.
Definitions of Terms
- Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR): A medically supervised program designed to improve cardiovascular health after a cardiac event or surgery.
- Peer Education: A process in which trained individuals share health information and experiences with their peers to promote behavior change.
- Adherence: The extent to which patients follow recommended rehabilitation programs, including exercise, medication, and lifestyle modifications.
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