The impact of home-based nursing care on the quality of life of elderly cardiac patients in Kaduna State
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Background of the Study
Home-based nursing care has become a key intervention in the management of elderly patients with chronic conditions, especially in developing countries where access to hospital-based care may be limited or costly. In Kaduna State, Nigeria, the elderly population is experiencing a growing burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the country (Adeyemo et al., 2023). The unique challenges faced by elderly cardiac patients—such as limited mobility, cognitive decline, and comorbidities—have necessitated the development of home-based care services. This approach involves providing medical and nursing services at the patient's home rather than in a clinical setting, promoting comfort and continuity of care in familiar surroundings (Alabi et al., 2024).
Studies have shown that home-based nursing care can significantly improve the quality of life (QoL) for elderly patients with chronic conditions, including heart disease. Such care focuses on managing symptoms, providing medication adherence support, and improving emotional and psychological well-being (Baba & Akpan, 2023). In Nigeria, where family and community support systems often play a crucial role in healthcare, home-based care offers an affordable and accessible alternative to inpatient treatment (Yusuf et al., 2024). This model of care is particularly relevant for elderly cardiac patients, who often require continuous monitoring and support due to the progressive nature of heart disease.
However, despite its potential benefits, the implementation of home-based nursing care faces challenges in Kaduna State. These include a lack of trained nurses, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and cultural factors that may influence the acceptance of home care (Durojaiye et al., 2025). Given the increasing number of elderly patients with cardiac conditions, it is essential to evaluate how home-based nursing care can effectively enhance the quality of life for this demographic in Kaduna State.
Statement of the Problem
In Kaduna State, elderly cardiac patients often face significant challenges in managing their health due to limited access to specialized healthcare services and a lack of adequate in-patient facilities. These patients frequently experience a deterioration in their quality of life due to poor disease management, exacerbated by factors such as limited mobility, social isolation, and financial constraints. The introduction of home-based nursing care presents an opportunity to address these challenges, as it offers personalized care that is accessible and potentially more affordable than hospital-based treatments. However, there is limited research that specifically examines the impact of home-based nursing care on the quality of life of elderly cardiac patients in Kaduna State. While home care has been found to improve quality of life in other contexts, its effectiveness in the Nigerian setting, particularly in Kaduna, remains underexplored. Therefore, there is a need to critically assess the impact of home-based nursing care on the quality of life of elderly cardiac patients in this region.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the impact of home-based nursing care on the physical health outcomes of elderly cardiac patients in Kaduna State.
- To evaluate the psychological and emotional well-being of elderly cardiac patients receiving home-based nursing care.
- To examine the barriers and challenges faced by home-based nurses in delivering care to elderly cardiac patients in Kaduna State.
Research Questions
- What is the impact of home-based nursing care on the physical health outcomes of elderly cardiac patients in Kaduna State?
- How does home-based nursing care affect the psychological well-being of elderly cardiac patients in Kaduna State?
- What are the challenges faced by home-based nurses in providing care to elderly cardiac patients in Kaduna State?
Research Hypotheses
- Home-based nursing care has a positive impact on the physical health outcomes of elderly cardiac patients in Kaduna State.
- Home-based nursing care improves the psychological and emotional well-being of elderly cardiac patients in Kaduna State.
- The implementation of home-based nursing care is hindered by challenges related to infrastructure, training, and cultural acceptance in Kaduna State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study The study will focus on elderly cardiac patients in Kaduna State who are receiving home-based nursing care. It will explore their physical health outcomes, psychological well-being, and the challenges faced by home-based nurses. The research will be limited to a sample of patients and nurses within the state, and findings may not be generalized to other regions in Nigeria. Additionally, the study may face limitations related to the availability of participants, the accuracy of self-reported data, and logistical constraints.
Definitions of Terms
- Home-based nursing care: A model of care where trained nurses provide healthcare services to patients in their homes, focusing on managing chronic conditions and promoting well-being.
- Quality of life (QoL): A multidimensional concept that encompasses physical, emotional, and social well-being, often used to assess the impact of healthcare interventions.
- Cardiac patients: Individuals diagnosed with heart disease or other cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, or heart failure.
- Elderly patients: Individuals aged 65 years and above, typically categorized as older adults in healthcare settings.
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