The effect of motivational interviewing by nurses on hypertension management in Yobe State
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Background of the Study
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major global health issue, and its prevalence in Nigeria has been rising due to factors such as poor diet, sedentary lifestyles, and limited access to healthcare (Olanrewaju et al., 2023). Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, including strokes, heart attacks, and kidney failure, making effective management crucial for preventing these life-threatening complications (Yusuf & Bakare, 2023). Nurses, as frontline healthcare providers, play a key role in the management of hypertension by promoting patient education, encouraging adherence to treatment, and supporting lifestyle changes that can help control blood pressure.
Motivational interviewing (MI) is a counseling technique used to enhance an individual’s motivation to change by addressing ambivalence and exploring the personal reasons for making behavioral changes (Oluwaseun et al., 2024). MI has been successfully applied in various healthcare settings, including chronic disease management, where it has been shown to improve medication adherence and lifestyle modifications (Olaniyan et al., 2023). In the context of hypertension management, MI can help patients overcome barriers to treatment adherence, such as a lack of understanding of their condition or the perceived burden of lifelong medication.
In Yobe State, where healthcare resources may be limited and hypertension remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, implementing MI by nurses could have a profound impact on the management of hypertension. However, the use of MI by nurses in managing hypertension has not been extensively studied in the region. This study aims to explore the effect of motivational interviewing by nurses on hypertension management in Yobe State, focusing on its impact on patient adherence to medication and lifestyle changes.
Statement of the Problem
Hypertension remains poorly managed in many regions of Nigeria, including Yobe State, due to factors such as poor patient education, low adherence to medication regimens, and a lack of effective communication between healthcare providers and patients. Nurses, who are often the primary healthcare providers for hypertension patients, can play a critical role in improving hypertension management. However, the use of motivational interviewing, a technique that has proven effective in managing chronic diseases, is not widely implemented in hypertension care in Yobe State. This study seeks to address this gap by assessing the impact of motivational interviewing by nurses on hypertension management in the region.
Objectives of the Study
- To evaluate the impact of motivational interviewing by nurses on medication adherence among hypertensive patients in Yobe State.
- To assess the effect of motivational interviewing on lifestyle changes (diet and physical activity) among hypertensive patients in Yobe State.
- To explore patients’ perceptions of motivational interviewing as a technique for managing hypertension.
Research Questions
- How does motivational interviewing by nurses affect medication adherence among hypertensive patients in Yobe State?
- To what extent does motivational interviewing influence lifestyle changes (diet and physical activity) in hypertensive patients?
- What are the perceptions of hypertensive patients regarding motivational interviewing as a technique for managing hypertension?
Research Hypotheses
- Motivational interviewing by nurses significantly improves medication adherence among hypertensive patients in Yobe State.
- Motivational interviewing by nurses leads to significant improvements in lifestyle changes (diet and physical activity) among hypertensive patients.
- Hypertensive patients who receive motivational interviewing report better satisfaction with their hypertension management.
Scope and Limitations of the Study This study will focus on hypertensive patients in Yobe State, assessing the effect of motivational interviewing by nurses on medication adherence and lifestyle changes. Limitations may include challenges in ensuring uniform delivery of the motivational interviewing technique and potential biases in self-reported patient data.
Definitions of Terms
- Motivational interviewing: A counseling approach aimed at helping individuals resolve ambivalence and increase motivation to make behavioral changes, particularly in the context of health and wellness.
- Hypertension: A condition characterized by persistently high blood pressure, which can lead to serious health complications if left untreated.
- Medication adherence: The extent to which a patient follows the prescribed treatment regimen, including taking medications as directed by healthcare providers.
- Lifestyle changes: Modifications in behavior, particularly related to diet and physical activity, aimed at improving health and managing chronic conditions like hypertension.
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