An evaluation of nursing interventions in reducing anxiety before cardiac catheterization in Lagos University Teaching Hospital
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Background of the Study
Cardiac catheterization is a crucial diagnostic and therapeutic procedure used to assess the condition of the heart and blood vessels. It is commonly performed on patients with suspected coronary artery disease, heart failure, or other cardiovascular conditions. Despite its significance in diagnosing and treating heart diseases, cardiac catheterization is often associated with high levels of patient anxiety due to the invasive nature of the procedure, potential complications, and fear of unknown outcomes (Oluwaseun & Okpala, 2024).
Anxiety before medical procedures can negatively impact patient outcomes, leading to increased stress, higher levels of pain, and a longer recovery period. In the context of cardiac catheterization, anxiety can also affect the patient’s vital signs, including blood pressure and heart rate, which may interfere with the procedure’s success (Adeyemi & Okafor, 2023). Nurses play a pivotal role in alleviating pre-procedural anxiety by providing emotional support, education, and practical interventions. Studies have demonstrated that nursing interventions such as patient education, relaxation techniques, and emotional reassurance can significantly reduce anxiety levels in patients undergoing invasive procedures (Olanrewaju & Sulaimon, 2024).
Lagos University Teaching Hospital, a premier medical facility in Nigeria, performs numerous cardiac catheterizations annually. However, little research has been conducted on the effectiveness of nursing interventions in reducing pre-procedural anxiety among these patients. This study aims to evaluate the impact of specific nursing interventions on anxiety levels before cardiac catheterization at Lagos University Teaching Hospital.
Statement of the Problem
Many patients undergoing cardiac catheterization experience significant anxiety, which may negatively impact the outcome of the procedure and their recovery process. While various nursing interventions have been proposed to reduce anxiety in such settings, there is limited evidence on their effectiveness at Lagos University Teaching Hospital. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of nursing interventions on pre-procedural anxiety, aiming to improve patient outcomes and enhance the quality of care provided to individuals undergoing cardiac catheterization.
Objectives of the Study
- To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions in reducing anxiety levels before cardiac catheterization at Lagos University Teaching Hospital.
- To identify the types of nursing interventions that are most effective in alleviating anxiety in cardiac patients.
- To assess the impact of reduced anxiety on patients’ physiological responses (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure) during cardiac catheterization.
Research Questions
- How effective are nursing interventions in reducing anxiety levels before cardiac catheterization at Lagos University Teaching Hospital?
- What types of nursing interventions are most effective in alleviating anxiety in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization?
- How does reduced anxiety influence the physiological responses of patients during cardiac catheterization?
Research Hypotheses
- Nursing interventions significantly reduce anxiety levels in patients before cardiac catheterization.
- Patient education and relaxation techniques are the most effective nursing interventions in reducing anxiety before cardiac catheterization.
- Reduced anxiety before cardiac catheterization leads to more stable physiological responses during the procedure.
Scope and Limitations of the Study This study will focus on patients undergoing cardiac catheterization at Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Limitations may include the potential for variability in patient responses to interventions and challenges in measuring anxiety accurately.
Definitions of Terms
- Cardiac catheterization: A procedure used to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions by inserting a catheter into a blood vessel leading to the heart.
- Nursing interventions: Actions taken by nurses to address a patient’s physical or psychological needs.
- Anxiety: A psychological condition characterized by feelings of worry, nervousness, or fear, often experienced before medical procedures.
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