THE IMPACT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL FACTORS ON THE USE OF FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES IN NKANU AREA OF ENUGU STATE
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- 1-5 Chapters
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- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 5000
Background To The Study
Family Planning is the deliberate regulation of conception or delivery, or the use of contraceptives, drugs, abortion, or other methods to prevent or terminate pregnancy, or the intentional avoidance or postponement of pregnancy (Wikipedia, 2010; Caufield, 1998). Common methods of family planning include sexual education, the prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases, pre-conception counseling and management, and infertility management (Wikipedia, 2010). These services are defined as "educational, comprehensive medical or social activities that enable couples, individuals, including sexually active adolescents and minors, to freely determine the number and spacing of their children, to avoid pregnancy and/or even sexually transmitted diseases, and to choose the means by which this may be accomplished" (Wikipedia, 2010; Plata, 1996). Family planning is occasionally used as a synonym for birth control or child spacing, although it typically encompasses much more (Obikeze, 2021).
Family planning means that users make active attempts to address reproduction in the context of a sexual relationship. This includes when to get pregnant, the number of children desired, how to cope with reproductive concerns, how to prevent becoming pregnant, whether to seek an abortion if an undesired pregnancy happens, adoption, etc., as well as determining parenting methods with a partner (Obasi, & Umoh, 2021). Family Planning was identified as one of Reproductive Health's twelve pillars. One of the goals of family planning is to assist women in preventing unintended pregnancies (FMHN, 2005). Before the introduction of modern family planning by the Babangida government in 1989, indigenous techniques of birth control existed in Nigeria (Odimegwu, 1999). These old techniques, which continue to exist and are convenient for consumers (Encyclopedia Americana, 2001), are natural, but the newer varieties in Nigeria are both natural and artificial. In Nigeria, like in the majority of poor nations, the narrative of family planning services is unsuccessful for a variety of reasons, including the culture of the people and the low position of women (Coleman, 2004). Other variables include a lack of education and comprehension of health-related issues, the inability of women to command resources and make autonomous decisions regarding their fertility, and knowledge of birth control (Nwakeze, 2003). Location, religion, and socioeconomic class, lack of cooperation from the partner, expense, perceived difficulty of the procedure, and lack of understanding about contraceptive methods are all factors that influence contraceptive choice (World Bank, 2004; IPPF, 1993). Moreover, metropolitan regions in Nigeria have greater access to health care than rural ones (Dobie, et al 1998). Where family planning services are located in rural areas, access is limited due to a lack of proximity and a poor road network, and the nearest urban center, where such a clinic is available, may not provide adequate care due to a lack of properly trained personnel and appropriate medical equipment (Wikipedia, 2009; Quedraogo, 2005; NISER, 2001). Other issues include poor family planning function diffusion and insufficient incentive to actively seek, obtain, and utilize contraceptives (Odimegwu, 1999).
The lack of utilization of family planning services has enormous consequences for the individual, the family, the community, and the nation. It leads to an increase in maternal illness, such as multiple pregnancies, hemorrhage, etc., according to empirical evidence (Ikpeze, 2010; Wikipedia, 2009; Wikipedia, 2008). It can lead to social problems in the family and community, such as violence, abandonment, accusations of infidelity, fear of the woman's violence, and mistrust. On the part of the man, it may result in multiple sexual partners, with the concomitant transmission of STIs and HIV/AIDS, affecting the sexual and reproductive lives of women (Ezumah, 2003; Pop Report, 1999), and in some cases maternal death. The resources intended for the upkeep of the family are diverted to the health care of the parent(s), as applicable, time is wasted, and the future and life of the children are cut short. The purpose of family planning services is to prevent the majority of maternal illnesses and deaths (Wikipedia, 2008), yet the rate of maternal morbidity and mortality is higher in developing nations than in developed nations (Ikpeze, 2010; FMHN, 2005). Estimates by UNICEF (2008) indicate that maternal mortality in Nigeria is high, at about 800/100,000 live births, but attitudes of developing country residents toward family planning services are negative, and this is attributed to socio-cultural and economic factors (Engender Health, 2009; Galadanci, 2009; Agujiobi, 2003; Ezumah, 2004; Onyeneho and Okeibunor, 2003; Nwakeze, 2003). Due to the negative effects of non-consent and non-use, as well as the incorrect understanding of the importance of family planning services to women's reproductive health, concerted efforts must be made economically, socially, politically, and otherwise to ensure that the negative effects of non-use of family planning services are kept to a minimum (Odimegwu, 2021). This study will therefore examine the socio-economic and cultural barriers to access and use of family planning services by women of reproductive age in the Nkanu area of Enugu State and suggest measures that could increase the effective use of family planning services by both sexes in the research area.
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