EVALUATION OF GLYCERINE RECOVERY FROM SPENT SOAP LYE PRODUCTION
- Project Research
- 1-4 Chapters
- Qualitative
- Content
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 5000
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Glycerine (propan 1, 2, 3 triol) is a discovered soluble in soap lye and as a residue in crude soap following the saponification of fats and oils with caustic soda. Traditionally, the process of soap production from fats and oils provides glycerin to roughly 10% of the value of the soap created, and due to its many applications, its recovery is important to the production cost analysis for any soap making firm. Because glycerin is an essential byproduct of soap production, many small and medium-sized soap makers generally discard the lye as an undesired product.
According to Israel, Obot & Asuquo (2018), glycerol exists in nature in the form of triglycerides (fats and oils) and is obtained through the saponification of these triglycerides. This was the sole commercial method of generating glycerin until 1949, when synthetic glycerol was developed since the substance recovered as a by-product of soap production was adequate for global use. Alternatively, glycerol is produced from propene by an alternative chlorination and hydroxylation process. It is also produced by the fermentation of different carbohydrates. Propylene can also be converted into glycerine using a variety of processes. The epichlorohydrin method is the most essential; it entails chlorinating propylene to produce ally chloride, which is then oxidised with a strong base to produce epichlorohydrin. This epichlorohydrin is subsequently oxidised to produce glycerine.
Glycerine is a waste in biodiesel, thus the market for glycerol is low, and the classic epichlorohydrin procedure for glycerol synthesis is no longer commercially feasible. Fats and oils are esters of glycerine with long-chain fatty acid such as stearic acid (C17H35COOH) Palmitic acid (C15H31COOH) and oleic acid (C17H33COOH). Since glycerine contains three –OH groups, it can form three series of esters thus;
Mono-ester di-ester and tri-esters
CH2.OH CH2.OH CH2.O.OC.R
CH.OH CH.O.OC.R CH.O.OC.R
CH2.O.OC.R CH2.O.OC.R CH2.O.OC.R
Mono=-ester di-ester tri-ester
Miner, Dalton, and Kern Glycerol's principal industrial applications include the production of alkyd resins and flexible polyurethane for the plastics sector. It is also used in the production of cosmetics and adhesives. Glycerol is used in several pharmacological formulations, including glycerol phenol combination, which is used as a sedative.
According to reports, glycerol residue contains 20.2% glycerol, 6.6% fatty acids (as soap), and 64.3% salt. As a result, 91.1% of it has the potential to be valuable. It is obviously desirable, both ecologically and economically, to recover glycerol from waste soap manufacturers as a viable alternative for chemical glycerol production.
Related Project Materials
BACTERIAL FORAGING ALGORITHM BASED TUNING OF ON-LOAD TAP CHANGING TRANSFORMER FOR VOLTAGE REGULATION IN POWER TRANSMISSION NETWORK
ABSTRACT
The control of voltage level has been identified as one of the most important operational
needs for...
Evaluation of Secure Cloud Storage Solutions in Federal University, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State
Background of the Study
Cloud storage solutions have revolutionized data management in academic institu...
The Impact of Television and Video Gaming on Child Health in Zamfara State
Background of the Study
The influence of television and video gaming on child health has become an increa...
ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FOR OFFICE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT GRADUATE: A PANACEA FOR UNEMPLOYMENT
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
It has been said that Nigeria is the most populous nation in Africa with a popu...
An assessment of the effectiveness of government subsidies in Nigeria’s agriculture sector: Evidence from Kaduna State (2000–2020).
Background of the Study :
Government subsidies are critical instruments for stimulating agricultural production and ensurin...
Enhancing Computational Biology-Based Approaches for Studying Host-Pathogen Interactions: A Case Study of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State
Background of the Study
Understanding host-pathogen interactions is vital for deciphering the mechanisms of infectious dis...
An appraisal of auditory processing speed in Igbo language using neuroimaging techniques
Background of the Study
Auditory processing speed is critical for effective language comprehension, influencing how quickly and accuratel...
The impact of assistive technology on learning outcomes among students with visual impairments in Kano Municipal LGA, Kano State
Background of the study
Assistive technology has revolutionized the educational experience for students with visual impair...
AN ASSESSMENT OF GUESTS SATISFACTION OF SERVICE QUALITY IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to examine the assessment of guests satisfaction of service qu...
The Effect of Cognitive Apprenticeship on Clinical Skill Mastery Among Nursing Students in Nasarawa State College of Health Sciences
Background of the Study
Nursing education emphasizes the acquisition of clinical skills necessary for safe and effective...
