EVALUATION OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND ITS IMPACT: THE NIGERIA EXPERIENCE
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Quantitative
- Regression
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
Background of the study
Many women in our culture endure violent treatment from their romantic partners while remaining silent about it. Domestic abuse sometimes results in these women's deaths. Women are essential to the expansion and advancement of every country and the global community, thus this cannot continue. They are homemakers and stewards of society's social, cultural, and fundamental values; it is frequently through them that long-lasting change is best accomplished. It is difficult to fully create a community without their comprehension, collaboration, and active participation. In light of all of this, women should typically receive better care.
According to Abama & Kalu (2019), wife battering has an impact on the physical, mental, and even emotional health of the battered women as well as that of their children. In addition to CEDAW and other international agreements to which Nigeria is a member, the Nigerian constitution itself prohibits violence against women. The right to be free from sex-based discrimination is guaranteed to all Nigerians by section 42 of the constitution, including women. Section 34 also guarantees every citizen the right to the dignity of the human person, which includes the prohibition of torture and other cruel or inhumane treatment, as well as the prohibition of subjecting anyone to slavery or servitude. Despite these protections, violence against women persists unabated and unchecked, and this has been attributed to legal loopholes, some of which undermine the constitutional guarantee of equality.
This study explores the definition of domestic violence against women, various forms of intimate partner violence, and the impact of different forms of violence on battered women and their offspring. The causes and prevention of domestic violence against women are also covered in this essay. In order to eliminate this threat from society, recommendations were provided in the conclusion.
Notably, domestic violence is a pattern of violent behaviour used by one person in any relationship to acquire or retain power and control over another intimate partner, according to the Office of Violence Against Women's (VAW2017) report. Domestic violence, which can take many different forms, including physical abuse, sexual assault, emotional abuse, economic abuse, and psychological abuse, can happen to anybody, regardless of ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, religion, or gender, according to the definition. According to Ayeni and Ajibogun (2016), domestic violence is also referred to as abuse of the spouse, battering, family violence, and violence towards intimate partners. In an intimate relationship, such as a marriage, dating, family, or cohabitation, it is a pattern of abusive behaviours by one partner towards another. Sexual abuse, emotional abuse, controlling or dominating behavior, intimidation, stalking, passive/covert abuse, sometimes known as neglect, and economic hardship are just a few examples of the many different types of domestic violence that can occur.
However, domestic abuse and violence are not just overt acts of physical assault. It may refer to criminal coercion, endangerment, abduction, unlawful detention, trespassing, harassment, and stalking. Worldwide, domestic violence exists. Domestic violence manifests itself differently in families from diverse social, ethnic, economic, educational, and religious origins. In the United States, women face roughly 4.8 million physical assaults and rapes involving intimate partners every year, whereas males encounter about 2.9 million such attacks. Domestic violence is widespread in the third world in general and in West Africa in particular. Some cultures are even said to justify and condone it. For instance, according to a poll, 56% of Indian women justified wife-beating by citing factors like being a terrible chef, rude to in-laws, having more daughters, and leaving the house without telling anybody, among others. According to IRIN reports from 2007, 25% of women in Dakar and Kaolack, Senegal, experience physical abuse from their partners, but very few of them admit it. While 60% of victims of domestic violence seek help from a family member, in 75% of those instances they are told to remain silent and put up with the abuse. The investigations also show that although being included in the Senegalese legal code, a statute penalising domestic abuse with jail time and fines is not well implemented because of cultural and religious opposition. Spousal attacks are the most common form of domestic violence in Ghana. Reports indicate a "shockingly high" frequency of violence against women in Nigeria.
According to Amnesty International (2007), a third of women—and in some cases, two thirds—are thought to have experienced physical, sexual, and psychological abuse at the hands of their husbands, partners, and fathers. Girls are frequently pressured into early marriages and run the risk of punishment if they try to flee their husbands. The shocking underreporting and lack of documentation of domestic abuse owing to cultural reasons is even more pitiful. Every location, as well as every social, religious, and cultural group, is susceptible to domestic violence (DV). Women carry the majority of the burden of DV globally. It is a major worldwide burden with negative social and public health effects. It is a disease that knows no barriers of class or gender. 2 despite the fact that this study's main focus is on violence against married women committed by their spouses, it also affects men and women. The most frequent perpetrators of violence against women are male intimate partners or ex-partners, despite the fact that women may be violent in relationships with men, frequently in self-defence, and that violence can occasionally occur in same-sex couples. 3 Compared to someone close to them, men are much more likely to face violent acts from strangers or acquaintances. 4 Intimate partner violence (IPV) and domestic violence are often used interchangeably in writing. In many nations, the phrase "domestic violence" is used to describe spousal abuse, although the phrase may also apply to abuse of children, elders, or any family member.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), intimate partner violence includes "acts of physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse, and controlling behaviors" and is defined as "activity inside an intimate relationship that causes bodily, sexual, or psychological harm." 3 Intimate partners assault women more frequently than any other type of abuser while they are of reproductive age. 4 Worldwide, DV is a problem for expectant mothers, and several studies have found a direct connection between IPV and HIV infection in Africa. 4-7 The phrase "violence against women" refers to all violent crimes that are predominantly or solely perpetrated against women. Violence against women is defined by the United Nations General Assembly as any gender-based act that causes or is likely to cause physical, sexual, or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion, or arbitrarily denying them their freedom, whether occurring in public or in private life. 3 According to a multi-country research by the World Health Organization, domestic violence is a problem in every country examined. A spouse has allegedly physically abused 13–61% of people at some point in their relationships, sexually abused 6–59% of people at some point in their lives, and emotionally abused 20–75% of people at some point in their relationships. 5
According to research done in Africa, the incidence of DV is relatively high, as SimukaiShamu et al. (2011) noted in their systematic review. 8 According to a research in eastern Nigeria, women made up 92% of IPV victims while males made up just 8%. 9 There are many many ways that domestic violence can express itself, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, financial abuse, spiritual abuse, and emotional or psychological abuse. The effects of DV are extensive and have an effect on both physical and emotional health. Murder is a severe case.
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