The Impact of Oncology Nursing Interventions on the Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos State
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Background of the Study
Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide, and its impact on patients extends beyond the physical effects of the disease itself. The management of breast cancer involves a combination of surgical, pharmacological, and psychological interventions aimed at improving survival rates and quality of life (QoL) for patients. Oncology nurses play a crucial role in the holistic management of breast cancer patients, providing care that encompasses not only the physical aspects of treatment but also psychological and social support to address the emotional and mental well-being of patients.
Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) is one of Nigeria’s major healthcare institutions, providing specialized care for breast cancer patients. Oncology nursing interventions at LUTH include chemotherapy administration, wound care, pain management, counseling, and patient education. Given the challenges faced by breast cancer patients, such as the psychological burden of the diagnosis, side effects of treatments like chemotherapy, and the long-term impact on their QoL, oncology nursing interventions are critical in improving both their physical and mental health. The emotional distress, financial strain, and disruption to daily life that accompany a breast cancer diagnosis can significantly affect the patient’s overall quality of life.
Research has shown that oncology nursing interventions can have a significant positive effect on improving QoL in breast cancer patients, reducing the impact of physical symptoms, enhancing emotional well-being, and supporting patients in coping with the disease. This study aims to explore the impact of oncology nursing interventions on the quality of life of breast cancer patients at LUTH, identifying specific interventions that are most effective in improving the overall patient experience.
Statement of the Problem (300 words)
Breast cancer has a profound impact on the quality of life of patients, and the role of oncology nurses in supporting these patients is crucial. At Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), oncology nursing interventions are vital in addressing the complex needs of breast cancer patients. However, the effectiveness of these interventions in improving patients' quality of life has not been extensively studied. Despite the availability of treatment options, many patients continue to experience a diminished quality of life due to factors such as the side effects of treatment, psychological distress, and lack of social support.
In LUTH, oncology nurses provide care to breast cancer patients, but the precise impact of their interventions on the patients' overall quality of life remains unclear. It is essential to understand how various nursing interventions—such as pain management, chemotherapy administration, patient education, and psychological counseling—contribute to improving the quality of life in this patient population. Additionally, the psychosocial challenges faced by patients, including anxiety, depression, and fear of recurrence, necessitate further exploration of how nursing interventions can alleviate these symptoms and enhance overall well-being.
By addressing this gap in knowledge, this study seeks to assess the effectiveness of oncology nursing interventions in improving the quality of life of breast cancer patients at LUTH. The findings will contribute to improving the care and support provided to breast cancer patients and highlight areas for potential improvement in oncology nursing practice.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the impact of oncology nursing interventions on the physical, emotional, and social aspects of the quality of life of breast cancer patients at Lagos University Teaching Hospital.
2. To identify specific oncology nursing interventions that have the most significant effect on improving the quality of life of breast cancer patients.
3. To explore the relationship between oncology nursing interventions and the reduction of chemotherapy-related side effects in breast cancer patients.
Research Questions
1. How do oncology nursing interventions impact the overall quality of life of breast cancer patients at Lagos University Teaching Hospital?
2. Which specific oncology nursing interventions are most effective in improving the quality of life of breast cancer patients?
3. What is the relationship between oncology nursing interventions and the reduction of chemotherapy-related side effects in breast cancer patients?
Research Hypotheses
1. H₀: Oncology nursing interventions do not significantly impact the quality of life of breast cancer patients at Lagos University Teaching Hospital.
2. H₀: There is no significant relationship between specific oncology nursing interventions and the improvement of breast cancer patients’ quality of life.
3. H₀: Oncology nursing interventions do not significantly reduce chemotherapy-related side effects in breast cancer patients.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on breast cancer patients receiving care at Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Limitations may include the subjective nature of self-reported quality of life assessments, potential biases in patient responses, and challenges in measuring the full range of oncology nursing interventions.
Definitions of Terms
• Oncology Nursing Interventions: The specific actions and care provided by oncology nurses, including chemotherapy administration, pain management, wound care, counseling, and patient education, aimed at improving patient outcomes.
• Quality of Life (QoL): A multidimensional concept that includes physical, emotional, and social well-being, as well as the ability to cope with the challenges of illness.
• Breast Cancer: A type of cancer that begins in the cells of the breasts, commonly affecting women but also occurring in men.
• Chemotherapy-Related Side Effects: Adverse effects experienced by patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment, such as nausea, fatigue, hair loss, and pain.
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