The Effect of Occupational Stress on Psychiatric Nurses’ Job Satisfaction: A Case Study of Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Benin City, Edo State
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Background of the Study
Occupational stress is a critical issue in the healthcare sector, particularly in psychiatric nursing, where professionals frequently handle patients with severe mental health conditions (WHO, 2024). Psychiatric nurses face intense emotional and psychological demands, often working in environments characterized by aggression, high patient loads, and resource limitations (Adeyemi & Okonkwo, 2023). These stressors can lead to burnout, emotional exhaustion, and decreased job satisfaction.
Job satisfaction among psychiatric nurses is essential for maintaining high-quality patient care and ensuring workforce retention. However, in Nigeria, psychiatric nurses often experience overwhelming workloads, inadequate staffing, and poor remuneration, contributing to high stress levels and job dissatisfaction (Olawale et al., 2024). The Neuropsychiatric Hospital in Benin City, Edo State, is one of Nigeria’s major mental health facilities, where psychiatric nurses deal with various challenges, including difficult patient behaviors and institutional constraints.
Despite the well-documented impact of occupational stress on healthcare workers globally, there is limited empirical research on how it affects psychiatric nurses in Nigeria. This study seeks to examine the relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction among psychiatric nurses at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Benin City, providing insights into strategies for improving mental health workplace conditions.
Statement of the Problem
Occupational stress among psychiatric nurses is an escalating concern, as high stress levels can negatively impact both nurses’ well-being and the quality of patient care (Bello & Adebayo, 2023). In Nigeria, psychiatric nurses frequently report feelings of burnout, emotional fatigue, and job dissatisfaction due to long working hours, inadequate mental health infrastructure, and the stigma associated with psychiatric nursing (Eze & Okafor, 2024).
Despite these concerns, there is a lack of focused studies exploring the relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction in psychiatric hospitals in Nigeria. Understanding this relationship is crucial for designing interventions that improve working conditions and enhance job satisfaction. Without addressing this issue, Nigeria risks facing a shortage of psychiatric nurses, further weakening the country’s mental health care system.
Objectives of the Study
- To examine the relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction among psychiatric nurses at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Benin City.
- To identify the major sources of occupational stress affecting psychiatric nurses.
- To assess the coping mechanisms used by psychiatric nurses to manage occupational stress.
Research Questions
- What is the relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction among psychiatric nurses?
- What are the primary sources of occupational stress among psychiatric nurses at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Benin City?
- What coping mechanisms do psychiatric nurses use to manage stress?
Research Hypotheses
- Occupational stress does not significantly affect job satisfaction among psychiatric nurses.
- There is no significant relationship between workplace stressors and job dissatisfaction among psychiatric nurses.
- The use of coping mechanisms does not significantly reduce stress among psychiatric nurses.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on psychiatric nurses working at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Benin City. The study will be limited to self-reported data, which may be influenced by personal biases. Additionally, external factors such as hospital policies and government interventions may affect findings.
Definitions of Terms
- Occupational Stress: The physical and emotional strain experienced by employees due to workplace demands.
- Job Satisfaction: The level of contentment psychiatric nurses feel about their work, influenced by factors like salary, workload, and work environment.
- Burnout: A state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by prolonged workplace stress.
- Coping Mechanisms: Strategies used by psychiatric nurses to manage work-related stress.
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