An Evaluation of the Psychological Impact of Restraining Psychiatric Patients: A Case Study of Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Enugu State
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Background of the Study
Restraint in psychiatric care refers to the practice of using physical, mechanical, or chemical methods to limit the movement or actions of patients. This practice is often employed when patients are at risk of harming themselves or others due to aggressive or violent behavior linked to their mental health conditions (Adeleke et al., 2023). While restraints are considered a necessary safety measure in some circumstances, their use has been widely debated due to the potential psychological impact on patients, particularly those with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe anxiety disorders.
Research indicates that the use of restraints can lead to significant psychological consequences, including increased feelings of humiliation, loss of autonomy, and emotional trauma (Okoro et al., 2024). Furthermore, prolonged or frequent use of restraint is associated with negative outcomes such as worsened agitation, depression, and anxiety. However, there is a lack of empirical data regarding the psychological effects of restraint on psychiatric patients in Nigerian mental health institutions. The Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital in Enugu State is one of Nigeria’s leading institutions for psychiatric care, frequently employing restraints in the management of patients exhibiting violent behaviors. This study seeks to evaluate the psychological impact of restraining psychiatric patients at this facility and the implications for their overall mental health.
Statement of the Problem
The use of physical and mechanical restraints in psychiatric settings is controversial, particularly due to the potential for harm to patients’ psychological well-being. While restraints are sometimes deemed necessary to prevent harm, there is growing concern over their long-term psychological effects, including trauma and worsening of mental health conditions (Eze et al., 2023). In the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Enugu State, patients subjected to restraint are at risk of experiencing negative psychological outcomes such as feelings of powerlessness, anger, and isolation. However, there is limited research assessing these effects in Nigerian psychiatric settings. This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating the psychological impact of restraint on psychiatric patients at this institution.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the psychological impact of physical and mechanical restraints on psychiatric patients at the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Enugu State.
- To identify the emotional and psychological challenges faced by patients who have been restrained.
- To explore the relationship between restraint use and the development of trauma or other mental health complications.
Research Questions
- What psychological effects do psychiatric patients experience after being restrained at the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Enugu State?
- How do patients perceive the use of restraints, and how does it affect their emotional well-being?
- Does the use of restraint correlate with the exacerbation of mental health symptoms or the development of new psychological issues?
Research Hypotheses
- Psychiatric patients who are restrained experience greater psychological distress than those who are not restrained.
- There is a significant correlation between the frequency of restraint use and the development of trauma or emotional distress in psychiatric patients.
- The psychological impact of restraint use significantly worsens patients' mental health outcomes over time.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on patients who have been restrained at the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Enugu State. It examines the psychological effects of restraint and the associated emotional challenges. Limitations include the potential for patients to underreport negative feelings due to stigma or fear of further restraint. Additionally, variations in individual patient experiences and mental health conditions may affect results.
Definitions of Terms
- Restraint: The use of physical, mechanical, or chemical methods to restrict a patient's movement to ensure safety or prevent harm.
- Psychological impact: The emotional, cognitive, and behavioral effects experienced by patients after undergoing restraint.
- Trauma: A psychological response to distressing events that can lead to anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
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