An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Home-Based Neonatal Care in Reducing Neonatal Mortality in Sokoto State
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Background of the Study
Neonatal mortality remains a significant public health concern globally, with the majority of neonatal deaths occurring in low-income countries (WHO, 2023). In Nigeria, neonatal mortality is alarmingly high, with many deaths attributed to preventable causes such as infections, birth asphyxia, and complications during childbirth (Afolabi et al., 2024). While hospital care is essential for high-risk neonates, home-based neonatal care (HBNC) has gained attention as a promising strategy for reducing neonatal mortality, particularly in rural areas where healthcare access is limited (Ajayi et al., 2023).
Home-based neonatal care involves trained health workers or caregivers providing essential neonatal care at home, including monitoring vital signs, administering vaccines, and ensuring proper nutrition and hygiene practices (Dahir et al., 2023). In Sokoto State, where access to healthcare facilities can be challenging, particularly in rural and underserved areas, the effectiveness of HBNC in reducing neonatal mortality is a subject of increasing interest. This study aims to evaluate the impact of home-based neonatal care in reducing neonatal mortality in Sokoto State and its effectiveness in improving neonatal health outcomes.
Statement of the Problem
Neonatal mortality in Sokoto State remains a significant health challenge, with preventable causes such as infections and birth complications contributing to a high number of deaths (Ibrahim et al., 2023). Although health policies have emphasized the importance of neonatal care, many families, particularly in rural areas, lack access to adequate healthcare facilities. Home-based neonatal care has been proposed as an alternative, yet its effectiveness in reducing neonatal mortality in Sokoto State has not been sufficiently evaluated. This study seeks to assess the effectiveness of HBNC in improving neonatal health outcomes and reducing mortality in the region.
Objectives of the Study
- To evaluate the effectiveness of home-based neonatal care in reducing neonatal mortality in Sokoto State.
- To assess the impact of HBNC on the health outcomes of neonates in Sokoto State.
- To identify the challenges and barriers to the implementation of home-based neonatal care in the region.
Research Questions
- How effective is home-based neonatal care in reducing neonatal mortality in Sokoto State?
- What impact does home-based neonatal care have on the health outcomes of neonates in Sokoto State?
- What are the challenges and barriers to the implementation of home-based neonatal care in Sokoto State?
Research Hypotheses
- Home-based neonatal care significantly reduces neonatal mortality in Sokoto State.
- Home-based neonatal care improves neonatal health outcomes in Sokoto State.
- Barriers such as lack of trained caregivers and cultural resistance hinder the implementation of home-based neonatal care in Sokoto State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on the evaluation of home-based neonatal care programs in rural and urban areas of Sokoto State. Data will be collected from healthcare facilities, caregivers, and community health workers. Limitations include potential biases in reporting and difficulties in accessing remote areas for data collection.
Definitions of Terms
- Home-Based Neonatal Care (HBNC): A healthcare approach where trained health workers or caregivers provide essential neonatal services at home.
- Neonatal Mortality: The death of a live-born infant within the first 28 days of life.
- Neonatal Health Outcomes: The health status of a neonate, including survival rates, growth, and development.
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