ANALYSIS OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY
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INTRODUCTION
UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) is a prevalent health issue among pregnant women (Saidi et al ,2015). Due to a variety of causes including as ureteral dilatation, increased bladder volume, and reduced bladder tone, this normally begins in week 6 and peaks between weeks 22 and 24 of pregnancy. In addition to reduced ureteral tone, which leads to urine stasis and ureterovesical reflux (chaliha et al, 2002). Glyucosuria affects up to 70% of pregnant women, allowing germs to thrive in the urine ( Issa, 2019). Asympromatic bacteriuria (ASB) or symptomic bacteriuria can occur (SB). Asymptomatic bacteriuria UTI has previously been found to occur in 2% to 13% of pregnant women (Delzell et al, 2000). In comparison, symptomatic Bacteriuria (UTI) occurs in 1-18% of pregnant women. Urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy can lead to Pyelonephritis, hypertensive illness of pregnancy, anaemia, chronic renal failure, preterm delivery, and foetal death.
Dwyer et al., 2002 Because of the potential harmful sequelea of urinary tract infection in pregnancy, the incidence of these complications can be reduced by treating Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) and Symptomatic Bacteriuria (SB) during pregnancy as soon as possible. During one or more antenatal clinic (ANC) visits, most clinics perform regular urinalysis on midstream urine specimens (Smaill 2017). However, culture and antimicrobial drug susceptibility tests are required for surveillance reasons in order to inform clinicians on optimal therapy and avoid empirical treatment of pregnant women with (ASB) and other infections (SB).
UTI is caused by a few number of organisms, including Escherichia Coli, which accounts for the majority of uncomplicated urinary tract infection isolates. Crupta et al., 2001 Staphylococcus Saprophyticus, Klebsiella Spp, Proteus Spp, Enterococcus Spp, and Enterobacter Spp are among the others (Massinde, , et al 2019). There is a scarcity of information on the present distribution of antimicrobial isolates from pregnant women in Tanania.
Urinary tract infections refer to the presence of a microbial pathogen within the urinary tract and are usually classified by the infection site, which can be the bladder (Cystitis), kidney (Pyelonephritis), or urine (Bacteria), and can also be asymptomatic or symptomatic (UTI) that occur in a normal genitourinary tract with no prior instrumentation are considered "Uncomplicated," whereas "Complicated" Infection (Kriptke, 2015).
It is estimated that worldwide symptomatic (UTIS) cause up to 7 million visits to outpatient clinics, 1 million trips to emergency rooms, and 100,000 hospitalizations each year (5). (chin et al 2011).
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