AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE METHOD USED FOR CONTROLLING CRACKS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
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Background of the study
Buildings and engineering structures in the modern world are complicated, and as a result, they need to be supervised by architects, structural engineers, quantity surveyors, and excellent contractors in order to ensure careful planning, secure design, and effective use of the necessary materials (Adewunmi, 2022). If these requirements are not met in a sufficient manner, there is an increased likelihood of failure. According to Evelyn's research from September 2004, fractures in the structural components of a building may be considered a fault in a number of different ways. In many instances, a single fracture incidence may lead to the development of many distinct types of defects. A flaw in serviceability and a deficiency in appearance are both present. And according to Adebayo (2022), the occurrence of various crack patterns in the building during construction and after completion, when it is subjected to super imposed loads and during service life, is a common phenomenon. This holds true both while the building is being constructed and after it has been completed. When the strain placed on a construction component is more than its capacity to withstand, fractures may appear in the component. The stress in the building components could be caused by externally applied forces, such as dead, live, wind or seismic leads, foundation settlement, etc., or it could be caused internally by thermal movements, moisture changes, elastic deformation, chemical action, etc. The stress could be caused by either of these factors, or a combination of both (Ademoroti, 2021).
Because of the many ways in which their knowledge of the building has contributed to the process of checking for failures and faults in residential structures, the tenants and residents of a building may act as excellent renters or occupiers. It is essential for renters to have an understanding of the factors that might lead to fractures in buildings, such as
Cracks that are not structural are often caused by internally generated stresses in the building material. These cracks do not pose a threat to the structural integrity of a structure but may make it seem unattractive. Or it can give the appearance that the job was shoddy, or it might trigger an unsatisfied sensation in the audience. In certain circumstances, due to the infiltration of moisture through them, non-structural cracks may ruin the internal finishes, thereby adding to the cost of maintenance. Alternatively, non-structural cracks may corrode the reinforcement, thereby adversely affecting the structure's stability in the long run. One example of this would be a vertical crack in a long compound wall, which is caused by shrinkage or thermal movement (Adeniya, 2022).
The breadth of cracks may vary noticeably and might range from a hairline fracture that is hardly apparent to the human eye to a sapling fracture. Cracks are divided into the following categories according to the width of the crack: Crazing is the formation of closely spaced line cracks at the surface of a structure or material. A thin crack has a width of less than one millimeter, a medium fracture has a width of between one and two millimeters, and a broad crack has a width of more than two millimeters.
The cracks that appear are always the same width, but some of them have a narrow end and a gradually widening other end. The patterns described above most frequently appear on the surface of the plaster or rendering of the structure of the building, but other patterns, such as straight, toothed, stepped, or map patterns, can also appear on the walls of the structure. The random kind crack might run in any direction, including vertically, horizontally, diagonally, etc (Adetayo, 2022).
As a result of this, it is essential for the people living in residential buildings to do regular inspections of their homes and make objective judgments on the strength and functionality of the buildings' structures.
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