Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Border control policies are central to national security, particularly in regions prone to transnational crimes such as smuggling. Illela LGA in Sokoto State, located along Nigeria’s northern border, faces significant challenges in controlling cross-border smuggling of goods, weapons, and people (Zubairu & Abdulrahman, 2023; Hassan et al., 2024). Smuggling activities, often facilitated by porous borders and weak enforcement, have serious implications for national security, as they undermine the economy, fuel criminal activities, and promote insecurity. In response, Nigeria has implemented various border control policies aimed at curbing smuggling and enhancing national security. These policies include the establishment of border security agencies, improved surveillance, and stricter enforcement mechanisms. However, the effectiveness of these policies in Illela LGA, in terms of curbing smuggling and strengthening national security, requires further investigation. This study seeks to examine the impact of border control policies on national security, using the case of cross-border smuggling in Illela LGA.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite efforts to improve border security in Nigeria, cross-border smuggling remains a persistent problem in Illela LGA, undermining national security (Bawa & Musa, 2023; Ibrahim & Ali, 2024). The ineffective enforcement of border control policies, coupled with the economic incentives for smuggling and the complicity of local actors, has hindered progress in addressing this issue. Illela LGA's strategic position as a border region places it at the heart of these challenges. The gap in knowledge regarding the direct impact of border control policies on smuggling activities and national security in this region warrants further exploration. This study aims to investigate how border control policies affect cross-border smuggling in Illela LGA and their broader implications for national security.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study is significant because it contributes to understanding how border control policies can be improved to address cross-border smuggling and enhance national security in border regions like Illela LGA. The research findings will provide recommendations for policymakers, border security agencies, and local government authorities on how to strengthen border security measures. Additionally, the study will offer insights into the challenges faced by enforcement agencies and provide strategies for improving their effectiveness in combating smuggling.
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study focuses on Illela LGA in Sokoto State and examines the impact of border control policies on cross-border smuggling and national security. It does not extend to other LGAs or broader national-level border security policies.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
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Chapter One: Introduction
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