An Investigation of Risk Management Practices in Small-Scale Poultry Farming: A Case Study of Jigawa State
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Background of the Study
Small-scale poultry farming contributes significantly to food security, employment, and poverty alleviation in Nigeria. Jigawa State, predominantly an agricultural region, relies heavily on poultry farming as a source of livelihood. However, the sector faces numerous challenges that threaten its sustainability, including diseases, high production costs, unpredictable weather conditions, and market instability. Effective risk management practices are crucial to mitigate these challenges and ensure productivity and profitability.
Globally, risk management in agriculture has gained attention due to its critical role in addressing uncertainties and sustaining livelihoods. Studies by Alhaji et al. (2023) emphasize that small-scale poultry farmers often lack access to adequate information and resources to implement risk mitigation strategies. Additionally, the rising costs of feed and vaccines coupled with limited access to veterinary services exacerbate the risks faced by poultry farmers (Omale & Yusuf, 2024). In Jigawa State, where poultry farming remains largely unorganized and informal, the adoption of structured risk management practices is limited. This poses significant challenges for the sector's development.
Despite the availability of risk management frameworks at the national level, local adaptation and implementation remain poor. The findings of Ibrahim and Bello (2025) suggest that small-scale farmers require tailored strategies to address the specific risks they face. Thus, investigating the existing practices in Jigawa State can provide insights into the effectiveness of current measures and highlight areas requiring improvement.
Statement of the Problem
The sustainability of small-scale poultry farming in Jigawa State is under threat due to inadequate risk management practices. Poultry farmers frequently encounter losses caused by outbreaks of diseases, such as avian influenza, as well as economic shocks from fluctuating feed prices and market demand. Although some farmers adopt traditional risk management methods, these are often insufficient to address modern agricultural risks.
A study by Nwachukwu et al. (2023) noted that poor access to financial support and extension services further complicates the situation. Farmers often lack the resources to invest in preventive measures or recover from losses. Consequently, many abandon poultry farming, leading to a decline in local production and its contribution to the state’s economy.
This problem highlights the urgent need to investigate the current risk management practices adopted by poultry farmers in Jigawa State. Without intervention, the sector risks stagnation, further exacerbating poverty and food insecurity in the region. This study aims to bridge the gap by examining existing practices and proposing actionable recommendations to enhance risk management in small-scale poultry farming.
Objectives of the Study
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To identify the common risks faced by small-scale poultry farmers in Jigawa State.
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To evaluate the current risk management practices adopted by these farmers.
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To propose strategies for improving risk management practices in small-scale poultry farming.
Research Questions
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What are the major risks encountered by small-scale poultry farmers in Jigawa State?
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What risk management practices are currently in use by these farmers?
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How can risk management practices in small-scale poultry farming be improved?
Research Hypotheses
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There is a significant relationship between effective risk management practices and poultry farm productivity.
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The lack of access to financial support significantly affects the adoption of risk management strategies.
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Traditional risk management methods are less effective in mitigating risks compared to modern techniques.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on small-scale poultry farmers in Jigawa State. It examines the types of risks they face, their existing risk management practices, and the challenges hindering the adoption of effective strategies. The study is limited to Jigawa State, and the findings may not be directly applicable to other regions due to contextual differences in farming practices and risk factors. Additionally, the study relies on self-reported data, which may introduce biases.
Definitions of Terms
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Risk Management: The process of identifying, assessing, and controlling threats to an enterprise's capital and earnings.
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Small-Scale Poultry Farming: Poultry farming operations with limited resources and scale, typically for local consumption or small markets.
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Disease Outbreaks: The sudden increase in the occurrence of poultry diseases within a population.
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