An examination of total quality management practices in Nigerian SMEs: A study of Lagos-based enterprises
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Background of the Study
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a comprehensive approach to improving the quality of processes, products, and services through continuous improvement, employee involvement, and customer satisfaction. TQM practices have been widely adopted in large organizations globally, and recent studies have shown their growing relevance in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies (Akinboade & Adebayo, 2024). In Lagos, one of Nigeria’s largest commercial hubs, SMEs represent a significant portion of the economy, operating across diverse sectors such as retail, manufacturing, and services. For these businesses, maintaining high-quality standards is essential to staying competitive, improving customer satisfaction, and ensuring long-term sustainability. However, many SMEs in Lagos face resource constraints that make it difficult to adopt formal TQM practices. This study aims to examine the extent to which TQM practices are implemented in Lagos-based SMEs and evaluate their impact on business performance.
Statement of the Problem
Although TQM has been shown to improve quality and operational performance in larger organizations, the adoption and effectiveness of TQM practices in Lagos-based SMEs are under-researched. Many SMEs in the region are challenged by limited financial resources, lack of skilled personnel, and operational inefficiencies. This study will explore how Lagos-based SMEs are implementing TQM and the resulting impact on their quality of products and services, operational performance, and competitiveness in the market.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the adoption of TQM practices among SMEs in Lagos.
- To evaluate the impact of TQM practices on business performance and quality improvement in Lagos-based SMEs.
- To recommend strategies for enhancing the adoption of TQM practices among SMEs in Lagos.
Research Questions
- To what extent do SMEs in Lagos adopt Total Quality Management practices?
- How do TQM practices impact the operational performance and quality standards of SMEs in Lagos?
- What are the challenges faced by Lagos-based SMEs in implementing TQM, and how can they overcome them?
Research Hypotheses
- The adoption of TQM practices positively impacts the operational performance of Lagos-based SMEs.
- SMEs in Lagos that implement TQM practices experience improved product quality and customer satisfaction.
- Resource constraints and lack of skilled personnel are significant challenges to the adoption of TQM in Lagos-based SMEs.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on SMEs in Lagos, evaluating their adoption and implementation of TQM practices. Data will be gathered through surveys and interviews with SME owners and managers. Limitations include potential biases in self-reporting and the challenge of accessing SMEs that may not have formalized TQM practices.
Definitions of Terms
- Total Quality Management (TQM): A management approach focused on continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement in quality improvement processes.
- Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs): Businesses with a relatively small scale of operations, often characterized by limited resources and fewer employees.
- Operational Performance: The efficiency and effectiveness with which a company produces goods or services, often measured by key performance indicators like profitability, productivity, and customer satisfaction.
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