ABSTRACT
Variation is one of the most severe problems in the construction industry. This variation occurs in every construction project and the magnitude of these variations varies considerably from project to project. As such, the client had to spend more than what was initially estimated in most cases, sometimes, disputes and unnecessary delays occur due to variations. This study focused to investigate causes and effects of design variation in road construction project in Akwa Ibom State. The objectives were to examine the causes of design variation, to investigate the effects of design variation in road construction projects and examine measures to minimizing its occurrence. Relevant literature review on causes and effects of design variation in road construction projects were carried out and an elaborate field survey was undertaken to verify the objectives of this study. A total of 62 questionnaires were collected against 68 questionnaires distributed among professionals in the construction industry, representing 91% response rate. The data collected through a structured questionnaire administered to the professionals were analysed using simple random sampling technique. The results revealed that change in client’s opinions was the most predominant cause of variation. Others are consultant and contractors’ factors were also seen as the severe causes. The results also revealed that the most common effects of design variation on construction projects were increase in project cost, delays in completion and disputes among stakeholders. The study pointed early interaction between the design team and the client to ensure that client’s requirements are clarified and communicated effectively into the design to reduce variations. The study recommends team work spirit amongst stakeholders involved in the project and respect to original design by the client as the key ingredients for a successful project delivery.
EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY
Lim, Brooks and Kim (2008) examined the efficiency of the eight Asian stock markets in order to f...
Background of the Study
Many people when they hear or read about the word poverty will automatically think and look at p...
This research examines the influence of strategic planning on business outcomes. Objectives are: (1) to assess the impact of strategic planning on...
Background of the Study
Federal character principles or quota system of representation became an issue and as a part of...
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Education is an investment on human being, the investment and characteristics o...
Abstract: THE IMPACT OF FRAUD DETECTION TECHNIQUES IN FORENSIC ACCOUNTING
This study investigates the impact of fraud detection technique...
ABSTRACT
This project work is designed to take a close look at the function of motivation in achieving organizational goals...
ABSTRACT
Uvariachamae P. Beauv. (Annonaceae) is widely distributed inAfrica, the plant species are used in traditional medicine as an ant...
ABSTRACT
Poetic discourse has always been considered an important aspect of discursive practices that presents a scholarly approach to cr...
1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
One of the most commonly discussed issues in economics is on how taxes as mea...