MICRO-BIOLOGY TOPICS

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of chemical surface properties of activated carbons for their use in water purification. To achieve this objective, activated carbon in both granular and powdered forms namely: as received and devolatilized carbons were prepared. Proximate analysis of the carbon materials was performed. Mass titration experiments were carried out to determ...

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION: Outbreaks and foodborne pathogens pose a significant threat to human public health, leading to a substantial economic burden both in developed and less developed countries(Akhtar et al., 2014). More than 250 known foodborne diseases could be caused by food contaminated with bacteria, viruses, parasites, and toxins, which continue to be a public health problem in the world. Bacteria cause a large proportion (approximately 90%) of all foodborne illnesses(Bari...

Background of study

A problem for world health has been the spread of infectious diseases by hand contact. Gram positive and negative bacteria are notably known to infect surfaces that come into touch with people, such as door handles, tables, chairs, windows, etc (Itah et al., 2004). Since most countries lack statistics, it is difficult to estimate how much infectious diseases contribute to morbidity and mortality, and they c...

Abstract

Pulping industry is both labour and energy intensive but in Nigeria, electricity supply is unstable. This has contributed to the near collapse of the Nigerian paper and pulp industry despite the rich forest resources in southwestern Nigeria. Use of alternative energy sources such as electricity generating sets further increases production cost. It therefore, becomes pertinent to seek alternative approach aimed at reducing mechanical pulping duration and improving pulp chara...

ABSTRACT

The production of bioethanol from selected agro waste (banana and cassava) peels was examined using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CBS 1171and Lactobacillus delbrueckii strain MN945906. The results of the proximate analysis shows that carbohydrate content were 67.85±0.23%, nitrogen (0.21%), potassium (64.7%), and phophorus (31.3%). The waste was hydrolyzed with Aspergillus niger strain MN945947 and Zymomonas mobilis strain MN945907 into 20g, 30g, and 40g, of the sub...

ABSTRACT

Lymphatic filariasis caused by mosquito borne filarial nematode, Wuchereria brancrofti, is a debilitating Neglected Tropical Disease of major public health importance. This study was carried out to determine the status of Filariasis among five (5) selected communities include Rugan gandu/Tudun Fulani, Sabon garin mangu/ matachibu, Sabon garin Madara, Tashan badukke and Dogon fili in Kotongora Local Government Area, Niger State. In this study, standard parasitological techni...

ABSTRACT

Bean cakes are ready-to-eat deep-fried cowpea paste. It is commonly known as àkàrà (in Yoruba language) or kosai (in Hausa language) in Nigeria. The objectives of this study was to isolate and characterize the microorganisms associated with bean cake sold in Minna metropolis. Analysis of fried bean cakes was carried out to isolate and characterize the microorganisms associated with bean cakes sold in Minna Metropolis. The bacteria and fungi isolated wer...

ABSTRACT

The topic of this study is Impact of Organizational Structure in Effective Management of Nigerian Organization (A study of Nigerian Brewery Plc, Enugu State. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey design. The researcher used both the primary, and secondary sources of Data in the course of the study. The primary data was sourced through the instrument of questionnaire and oral interview while secondary data was sourced through texts books, magazines, journals and inte...

ABSTRACT

The susceptibilities of Salmonella typhi and other pathogens to antibiotics and hot aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa were investigated using agar diffusion and agar well diffusion methods respectively. Salmonella typhi was sensitive to ampicillin, cetriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin of ofloxacin and perfloxacin. Nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, clarithomycin and augumentin are resistant. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to 50%, 7...

ABSTRACT

A parasitological examination of 2,500 faecal samples of cattle was carried out in Plateau State, Nigeria, to determine prevalence, seasonal distribution and sources of various species of Eimeria in both sexes, age groups, breeds and husbandry systems. Effects of temperatures on sporulation of Eimeria oocysts and chemical analysis of the Eimeria oocysts were also determined. Out of 2500 samples examined, 1567 i.e 62.68% were positive for twelve species of Eimeria. E. alabam...

ABSTRACT

In order to access the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of urinary pathogens, 60 midstream urine samples from students of Caritas University were investigated using cultural methods. Samples were examined microscopically and cultured in blood agar and Macckonkey agar. Disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic testing. Of the 60 urine samples 48 yielded significant growth with a prevalence rate of 80%. It was observed that females were more infected than the males with...

ABSTRACT

Some locally available fruits (garden egg, orange, banana, guava, avocado, pawpaw and pineapple).sold in Oye Emene Enugu, Enugu State was examined for parasitological contamination. A total of 87 samples were examined using sedimentation and concentration methods. 11(12.6%) of the 87 fruits were positive for intestinal parasites microscopically. Among these fruits, guava had the highest number of intestinal parasites which was 6 (35.3% positive and the lowest was banana 2(8...

ABSTRACT

The fungus Colletotrichum truncatum is a potential biocontrol agent (BA) against the noxious weed scentless chamomile (Metricaria perforata Mérat; syn.: Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) Lainz) in western Canada. This potential BA, however, is taxonomically related to the anthracnose pathogen on lentil, raising questions about crop safety. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed space (ITS) regions of C. truncatum isolates collected from different plant ho...

ABSTRACT

Safety of food is a basic requirement of food quality. A total of 25 street food samples (Jollof rice, egwusi soup, ugu, water leaf and green), were randomly purchased from five different vendors in Ogbete main market Enugu. The samples were transported in ice to the laboratory. The samples were bacteriologically analyzed using pour plate technique and sub-culture. Pour plate techniques was done by carrying out serial dilution of the sample after which the first tube and th...

ABSTRACT

A total of 50 blood (30 pregnant and 20 HIV) samples were obtained from pregnant women and PLWHA attending clinic at UNTH Ituku-ozalla. Samples were screened for hepatitis c viral infection using the rapid one step hepatitis C virus test strip. Two (6.66%) pregnant women were positive and four (20%) HIV patients were positive for Hepatitis C, giving an overall prevalence rate of (26.7%). The infection was the same in male (3) and in female (3). Those aged 23-34 years record...

ABSTRACT

Effect of different carbon sources on the growth of antimicrobial producing Bacillus species in ogiri-egusi sold in Ogbeta, Orie, Artisian, Kenyatta, Enugu State were evaluated using standard microbiological and analytical methods. 12 bacteria were isolated and identified such as Bacillus subtilis,(33.33), Bacillus pumulis (41.66), Bacillus licheniformis (25) were identified based on their colony biochemical characteristics.The isolates of the highest occurrences is bacillu...

ABSTRACT

Comparative examination of three main sources of water supply in Independence layout Enugu was carried out with a view to determine their levels of contamination of bacteria. The sources of water examined are tap water, well water and stream water. The pour plate method was used to examine the water samples. Bacteria isolated from the water samples include coliforms especially Escherichia coli. Stream water and well water were found to contain bacterial isolates unlike the...

ABSTRACT

A major challenge for achieving successful mosquito control is overcoming insecticide resistance. Bacillus thuringiensis which is one of the most effective biolarvacide for control of species of mosquitoes and monitoring of larval susceptibility is essential to avoid resistance development. Mosquito larvacidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis was assessed by isolating them from ecologically different soil habitats in and around Enugu metropolis. The isolate organisms were...

ABSTRACT

Antibacterial activity of honey obtained from two different locations in Enugu State (Nsukka & Ugwuaji) Nigeria on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogens isolated from wound was studied. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the honey on the test microorganisms. The result revealed that the two honey samples have heavy antibacterial activities against the test organisms and zones of inhibition were obta...

ABSTRACT

This study determined the antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds samples in patients attending General Hospital (GH), Minna and IBB Specialist Hospital, Minna, Niger State. Wounds samples from two hundred (200) patients were collected and analyzed for Staphylococcus aureus. The resistance pattern of the S. aureus isolates for vancomycin using disc diffusion techniques was also determined. Out of the 200 samples collected from both hospitals, 97...

ABSTRACT

Vegetables are essential part of human healthy diet and are rich in vitamins. However, consumption of raw vegetables has been associated with transmission of parasites. This study investigated the incidence of parasites on five commonly consumed raw vegetables in Minna, Nigeria. A total of 2500 samples of the five different types of raw vegetables (lettuce, tomatoes, cucumber, carrots and cabbage) were purchased from five markets in Minna (Kure market, Bosso market, Maikunk...

ABSTRACT

Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is progressively increasing globally and has become a global health concern. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus was determined using disc diffusion method. A total of 21.9 % (73/360) from clinical and environmental samples tested positive for Staphylococcus aureus. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in environmental samples was 24 % while it was 20.5 % in clinical samples. The age group 18 t...

ABSTRACT

The effect of albino gene on intraspecific hybridazation of African Catfish and Albino Clarias gariepinus was carriedout to determined their latency period, fecundity, fertility, hatchability survival, growth performance, some morphometric and meristics characteristics and genetic characterization of parents and offspring of F1 generation. A total of four (4) mating combination experiments were conducted using eight (8) ripped, matured normal and albino Clarias gariepinus w...

ABSTRACT

Malaria continues to be a major public health challenge especially in the African region despite the availability of anti malarial drugs and the application of several preventive strategies such as the use of insecticide treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy. This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of malaria parasite and its effect on the haematological indices among women and children attending selected gov...

ABSTRACT

Research has shown high transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among inmates in correctional facilities in the developed world, but the data base for the developing countries is still lacking information on same. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection in inmates of selected correctional facilities in Niger state. Blood samples were collected from inmates in three correctional facilities namely Bida, Kontagora and Minna. A total...

ABSTRACT

The utilisation of tannery waste (TW) in combination with sawdust (SD) as compost manure for agricultural use was studied. The two wastes samples were collected and mixed in the ratios (TW/SD) 1:1, 1:5, 5:1, 1:10 and 10:1, respectively. Composting bin was used during the process. The composting was done for 6 weeks under aerobic condition with frequent turning for proper aeration. Microbiological and physicochemical parameters of the samples (tannery waste and sawdust), exp...

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial agents of plant origin have enormous therapeutic potentials. Honey, which is a product of plant, is a sugary substance produced by bee from the nectar of flower. It has been an age long antimicrobial therapy for wounds and burns. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effects of honey and its specific actions on cell walls, membranes and enzymes of the following organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Trichophyton verrucosum. Tr...

ABSTRACT Medicinal plants contain active ingredients with therapeutic values. Helianthus annuus L (Asteraceae) commonly referred to as “sunflower” has been reportedly used in managing and treating some ailments over the years. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial effects of the crude extracts of Helianthus annuus seeds on Salmonella spp and Eschericha coli. The phytochemical screening of the methanolic and ethanolic crude extracts revealed the presence of...

ABSTRACT Curcuma longa are traditionally used for the treatment of ulcers, hepatic disorder, wound healing and boost glucose control. This study assessed the phytochemical compositions (quantitative and qualitative), antibacterial activities of C. longa crude extracts, synthesis and characterisation of silver nanoparticles, antibacterial activity of extract-mediated silver nanoparticles and wound activity of EeaAgNPs. The antibacterial activity of crude extracts and extract mediated silver na...

ABSTRACT

Ten (10) samples of suya meat in Enugu were collected randomly and analyzed microbiologically and the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus (35%) Escherichia coli (15%) Streptococcus species (15%) Pseudomanas (35%) . The most frequently isolated organism was Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. The total viable bacterial counts ranged from 1.9x

General Background to the Study

 Cattle constitute an important source of animal protein to many Nigerians. A lot of socio-economic importance is therefore attached to ownership of these animals that, in some cases, may be the only realizable wealth of a rural household (Omeke, 1988).

The world’s total numbers of cattle were 861.9 and 1078.2 million, respectively, i.e. there is about one goat to approximately 1.25 specimen 1 of cattle (FAOSTAT, 2008). In Nigeria...

ABSTRACT

Twenty samples of frozen chicken from five different sellers were analyzed to determine their bacteriological load; the samples were collected from Gwagwalada market. All the frozen chicken samples from the five sellers examined were contaminated with some bacterial species namely, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphyloccus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The total bacteria co...

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from apparently healthy domestic livestock viz, cow, goats, and chicken from Akure, Ondo State Nigeria, E. coli was isolated using Eosin methylene Blue Agar (EMB) and identified by conventional microbiology technique. The isolate were tested against 14 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. A total...