BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The construction sector, according to Ashworth et al. (1997), is one of the most important sectors of the economy, employing a varied variety of skilled and unskilled people. These professionals offer a wide range of products and services, including building design, alteration, and refurbishing, as well as building and civil engineering structural repairs. These interactions, on the other hand, are designed to help the company a...

BACKGROUND OF THE  STUDY

Although it is widely assumed that advertising predates human history, as a promotional technique, it began with the establishment of trade. According to Samson (981), "in those early days, advertising was done in various forms in various corners of the world". He maintains Advertising that "there were little stone printing stamps which were employed by Roman quacks to impress on the surface of their solu...

Background of the study

The construction sector makes a considerable contribution to the economy, and its operations are vital to fulfilling national socioeconomic development goals such as supplying housing, infrastructure, and jobs (Anaman & Osei-Amponsah, 2007). Several experts have investigated the role of building in the national economy. The construction sector and its operations, according to Khan (2008), are one of the most significant d...

Background of the study

Library is a fast growing organization, the ancient methods of maintaining it are no longer dynamic and efficient for expeditions, retrieval and dissemination of information and better service for the students; application of modern techniques has become absolutely indispensable. A properly computerized library will help its students with quick and prompt services. A digital library is an automated or electronic library where activities like...

Background To The Study

Human Resource Management (HRM) is of strategic importance in all organizations. It contributes to the success of the organization and creates competitive advantage for the organization (Rana & Rastogi, 2010). The way HRM practices and policies take shape also affects the employee’s experiences of work and the employment relationship (Sambasivan, 2007). HRM is therefore important in any organization. The construction company is no d...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Globalization and digitization have revolutionized how businesses operate and competes in the marketplace in the 21st century. Information and communication technology (ICT) is the lifeblood of this change (Onyeaghala & Anele, 2017). Thus, innovations and advancements in technology have led to large and continual changes in the retail sector, since ICT has become vital for the operations of retail outlets and substantially influenced thei...

The pressure from globalization has made manufacturing organization moving towards three major competitive arenas: quality, cost, and responsiveness. The process of production planning and control is central to the success of any manufacturing company.The Manufacturing sector comprises establishments engages in the mechanical, physical, or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products. Manufacturing industries wish to satisfy customer demands expressed...

Background to the study

Shipping has been around for almost 5000 years, with the earliest known marine commerce network connecting Mesopotamia, Bahrain, and the Indus River. Shipping is always evolving, and today's shipping is very different from what it was 5000 years ago. The discovery of global sea routes in the late fifteenth century, the industrial revolution in the late eighteenth century, and the dismantling of the colonies in the second...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The term "trade union" refers to an organization of wage and salary earners created for the goal of preserving and enhancing the working circumstances of its members in a corporation or organization (Ahmad, 2000). As a result, the trade union has a significant influence on the workers (employees) in terms of efficiency and dedication to work in an organization. Thus, workers benefit from improv...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In today's world, life is often full with tension. Practically every human endeavor, stress and experience have become a part of life in today's society (Jain et al, 2015).

Stress is an unavoidable part of life for all humans.

As a consequence of a desire for something, as a result of pressure or haste, or as a result of attempting to participate in complicated and diverse challenges. Stress has ta...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Manufacturing has long played an important part in emerging countries' economic progress. The manufacturing industry is concerned with the design, processing, and preparation of goods made from commodities and raw materials. Automobile, chemical, food & beverage, mechanical, electrical, and other sectors are included. The manufacturing sector is an important portion of the economy, accounting for almost 16% of global...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

COVID-19 was found in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. However, it spread quickly and had a detrimental influence on all countries and territories worldwide. As of 5 October 2020, about 6 million COVID-19 cases have been recorded worldwide, with over 1,000000 deaths (Johns Hopkins University, 2020; WHO, 2020). These statistics were staggering, and the epidemic marked a watershed moment in world health history.

A...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The word "public relations" has already been defined by several authors from various perspectives.

Nwokoye (1984) defined public relations as the activities of a cooperative union, government, or other organization in establishing and marketing sound and productive relationships with specific groups of people, such as customers, employees, and stockholders, as well as the general public, in order to adapt...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The name Bank is derived from the Italian word banco, which means "desk/bench" and was used by Florentine bankers during the Renaissance to execute this transaction over a desk covered by a green tablecloth. However, there are evidence of financial activity dating back to antiquity (Ehimeakhe, 1990).

Indeed, the term may be traced back to the old Roman Empire, when money lenders would set up shop in t...

Background of the study

Cost overrun is a global phenomena in the construction business, when projects are rarely completed within the projected cost. In a global assessment on construction project performance, cost overrun was recognized as the biggest issue, with 9 out of 10 projects experiencing overruns ranging from 50 to 100 percent. Cost overruns in the building business are a worldwide concern (Ameh et al. 2010). Many variables contribute to...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Importing raw materials and machinery is one way to increase profit margins. Importing items has a lot of advantages, including excellent quality, affordable pricing, and advantages associated to international trade. An importer may have a comparative advantage, resulting in reduced prices (Jones, 2006). Also, because of reduced labor costs, low taxes, and so on, the importer may obtain considerably cheaper items from the ove...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

According to Hornby (1984), the word "secretary" is derived from the latin word "secretaries," which means anything known exclusively to one or few people and kept secret or concealed from public view.

According to Amaefula (1986), a secretary is an office worker who combines the primary skills of shorthand and typewriting with the secondary skills of filling, reprography, and telephone technique...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Coronaviruses are a kind of virus that infects both animals and humans. They are members of the Coronaviridae family. Human corona viruses can cause moderate sickness, similar to a common cold, or severe illness (such as MERS - Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and SARS - Extreme Acute Respiratory Syndrome) (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). A novel corona-virus that has never been observed in humans before was identified in...

Background of the Study

For a long time, small and medium-sized businesses have been seen as a source of financial development and improvement. As a result of this growing recognition, the World Bank Group has made small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) a major component of its methodology for promoting economic growth, employment, and poverty reduction (Ayifagari, 2007). In 2004, the World Bank Group committed a total of $2.4 billion to small and medi...

Background of the Study

Small-scale businesses are an important part of Uganda's economic sector, and they helped the country get through difficult periods when all of the economy's sectors were in disarray (Brown, 2000). Uganda began economic reforms in 1986 with the help of IMF/World Bank-funded Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs). These reforms, like those in many other developing nations, were intended to transform the...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The secretarial profession has existed since the beginning of time, as long as man and nature have existed. The necessity for a famous individual to whom private affairs might be entrusted and who could work as an assistant to a principal evolved naturally (Beynon et al, 2002)..

Prior to the founding of the empire, secretaries were known to exist in Rome. They were generally educated men who served as "scribes,...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The historical background of conflict in organization can be seen as far back as the ancient times, which involves the scientific management era, personnel and human relation movement and the modem management period.

The ancient firms (before 1800AD) is based on the events of the past years. This period gave a lot of knowledge about management.

The scientific management era (Fredrick W. Taylor in 1856 &nda...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Creating a high performance organization is a popular theme in the training and development field. To survive in these competitive times, organization cannot afford anything less. Creating a high performance organization requires understanding what factors influence performance one of the most significant factors is stress. We are all aware that we live in a dynamic works where the pressures of change abound in both the entir...

INTRODUCTION

The term communication means different things to different people. Some can expand its meaning to include the equipment used in the passing of information like telegram, telephone, television etc. Others can take it to mean the communication system in the organization such as grapevine compliant box, grievance procedure and the formal chain of command.

Communication function according to Koontz, O.Donnel and Weihrich can also...

Background of the study

 Business organization does not operate in vacuum but it operates in business environment where there is production and distribution of goods and services. Business environment is the summation of all outside and interior conditions and influences that influence the presence, development and advancement of business (Hanaysha, 2016)

. Business environment in which organization operates exerts pressure on th...

Background of the study

The pressure from globalization has made manufacturing organization moving towards three major competitive arenas: quality, cost, and responsiveness. The process of production planning and control is central to the success of any manufacturing company.The Manufacturing sector comprises establishments engages in the mechanical, physical, or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components int...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Globalization and digitization have revolutionized how businesses operate and competes in the marketplace in the 21st century. Information and communication technology (ICT) is the lifeblood of this change (Onyeaghala & Anele, 2017).   Thus, innovations and advancements in technology have led to large and continual changes in the retail sector, since ICT has become vital for the operations of retail outlets and...

Background of the study

Many impoverished individuals in emerging nations face declining living conditions and unemployment as a result of economic downturns. This has been exacerbated by the fact that the formal economy has been steadily losing jobs while many people have been laid off (Abraham, 2003; DTI, 2004). As a result, hundreds of new job seekers, the bulk of whom are young, have joined the ranks of the unemployed. While this is typical of t...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nowadays, the widespread use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has permeated almost all aspects of life including the healthcare sector. HIS was introduced to fully utilize especially the Internet in providing better healthcare. Health information systems are frequently refers to the interaction between people, process and technology to support operations, management in delivering essential information in or...

Background of the study  

In recent years, rapid technical advancement and new business models have led in a slew of novel retail payment options. These advancements are raising the possibility of significant changes in the retail payment environment, including a decline in the usage of currency. The Point of Sale terminal (POS) is one of the most important developments in retail payment and financial transaction mechanism...

 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Insurance companies are legal entities that cover the financial impact of it that derives from the occurrence of certain unexpected insured events affecting the insured. They offer this benefit in exchange for payment of a predetermined amount of money called premium. By pulling similar risks together insurance companies transform the unpredictability of the occurrence of an event to an individual into expected events a...

Background Of The Study

Digital currencies are money that exist entirely as electronic data and do not exist in physical form, but serve the core functions of money, such as being a unit of account, a store of value, and a means of exchange. As a result, digital currencies will continue to be desirable for inter-party transactions as long as the parties recognize the currency's validity, as they have the advantage of speedy settlement, particula...

Background of the study

Business Organizations are established to achieve certain corporate objectives including corporate growth and increases in profitability. Growth is a major yardstick by which the success of a business firm is measured. Given that business organizations operate in a dynamic macroeconomic environment such growth is threatened in periods of volatile economic instabilities (Weston and Copeland, 1989). The resultant effect of the...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

No matter how organized a business organization is, most of the problems faced by its’ executive are the effective management of its human resources to achieve organizational goals (Zhor, & Oldham, 2004).

This means that all those who are responsible for the management of any organization must build into the entire system factors that will induce people to contribute as effectively and efficiently as...

Background Of The Study

Motivation is a common word often discussed by people in any given organisation and it shall be discuss in terms of management and employees relationship. Basically, management involves planning, organising, directing, coordinating, budgeting, control etc. (Drunker, 2009). The primary objective of all these responsibilities is the achievement of best result. Similarly, management cannot achieve its primary objective in the at...

INTRODUCTION

The focus of this research study is on the relevance of management information system (MIS) in the achievement of organizational objectives. Information is an indispensable resource in every organization, be it profit oriented organization. We are actually in an information era, though organization had passed through different era, the manufacturing and industrial era. An organization’s activities get improved with timely accurate...

Background Of The Study

Doug Wallace, a Materials Management subject expert with Life Cycle Engineering [L.C.E] Consultancy Company Charleston, South Carolina; in a paper presentation titled “Maintenance and Reliability Inventory Management” gave an apt and practical illustration that underscores the need for inspection. He said, have you heard of the guys that burned up a brand new piece of rotating equipment because it was installed wi...

Background to the Study

Procurements processes entail various functions move far beyond traditional perception that procurement main role is acquiring works or services from outside sources for replenishing organization needs. Mlinga (2007), describe procurements as activity of assessing, buying of works, goods and service.

Today, in many countries, public procurement has become an issue of public attention and debate, and has been subject...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The historical background of conflict in organization can be seen as far back as the ancient times, which involves the scientific management era, personnel and human relation movement and the modem management period.

The ancient firms (before 1800AD) is based on the events of the past years. This period gave a lot of knowledge about management.

The scientific management era (Fredrick W. Taylor in 1856 &nda...

Progression is the major objective of an organisation. An organisation need to progress financially, structural and increase quality and improve quality of its production to meet a higher demand and capture more public interests. This depends on how the organisation is able to top the potential resources of an organisation can make or mar the organisation.

One of the most skills required in a contemporary work setting is the ability to work as a team. Every members of the organisati...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 

Although, there is general agreement among psychologists that man experiences a variety of needs, there is considerable disagreement as to what these needs are and their relative importance (Van Rooyen, J.  2006).

One of the basic problems in any organization is how to motivate people to work. Motivating people to work entails, meeting their needs. This is because people working in the organization to meet workers needs a...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Corporate Social Responsibility is the responsibility of an organization for the impact of it decisions and activities on society and environment through transparent and ethical behavior. Corporate Social Responsibility focus on what an organization does that affect the society in which it exist. Main Munah (2007) state that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): refers to strategies cooperation or firms conduct their busines...

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with a 2011population of 162.5 million.It possesses28percentof Africanprovenoil reserves, second after Libya, and it is the top producer of African crude oil, producing 24percentof 2010 Africanoil production equaling2.4 million barrelsper day(bpd)(UN, 2011). At the same time, Nigeria's share inworld production remainedalmost constantaround threepercent. Nigeria ranksamong the top 12 world producers of oil in 2011 (BP, 2012). Nigeria started s...

Background of the Study

Inventories are vital to the successful functioning of manufacturing and retailing organizations. They may consist of raw materials, work-in-progress, spare parts/consumables, and finished goods. It is not necessary that an organization has all these inventory classes. But, whatever may be the inventory items, they need efficient management as, generally, a substantial share of organizations funds is invested in them. Differe...

Any organization's health and safety is a critical component that requires careful consideration. "Occupational health practice received a boost following WWII, when most European nations went on an industrialization push and were faced with the evils of industry in the process" (Chalak, 2012). Various disciplines inherent in occupational medicine, nursing, hygiene, and safety have developed to varying degrees in various nations since then. Other disciplines with strong links to...

Today’s business environment produces change in the workplace more suddenly and frequently than ever before. Mergers, acquisitions, new technology, restructuring downsizing and economic meltdown are all factors that contribute to a growing climate of uncertainty. The ability to adapt to changing work conditions is key for individual and organizational survival. Change will be ever present and learning to manage and lead change includes not only understanding human factors, but also skil...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nowadays, the widespread use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has permeated almost all aspects of life including the healthcare sector. HIS was introduced to fully utilize especially the Internet in providing better healthcare. Health information systems are frequently refers to the interaction between people, process and technology to support operations, management in delivering essential information in or...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Advertising consist of all the activities in presenting to a group. A non personnel, oral or visual, openly sponsored message regarding the products, services or ideas this messages are spread through one or more media and is paid for by an identified sponsor (Brana, 2010). First there is a significant difference between advertising and advertisement (Friaka, 2005).

Advertisement is the message itself whil...

The term communication means different things to different people. Some can expand its meaning to include the equipment used in the passing of information like telegram, telephone, television etc. Others can take it to mean the communication system in the organization such as grapevine compliant box, grievance procedure and the formal chain of command.

Communication function according to Koontz, O.Donnel and Weihrich can also be said to the means by which social inputs are fed into...

Background To The Study

One of the uniqueness of the human person is the ability to objectify his thoughts and ideas through language. With the social evolution of language, especially speech language, man was able to widen the gap between him and the rest of the animal kingdom. Thus, language can be seen as a system of sounds, symbols and words for purposes of communication (Chidi, 2010).

Communication touches every aspect of human a...

Background of the Study

Today it becomes necessary for every organization to have full level of its employee commitment in order to have outstanding performance on long term basis.

Organizations are also increasing realizing that it is only with and through the commitment of their workforce that they can fully achieve and sustain improvement in business performance and succeed in market place. This success however can only be achieved in a...

Background Of The Study

In this present era, the production of high-quality products, as proponed by Apudo (2010), has been shown to be a primary factor for consumer retention. Consistent provision of outstanding and quality products through many years of frequent use, according to Brown&Eisenhard (1995), contributes to the added value of acquaintance and demonstrated trustworthiness, which is a byproduct of customer satisfaction. Historically,...

All businesses and particularly financial institutions have been affected to some degree in what is happening in the global market place. Now, not only do organizations aim to satisfy the customers but they attempt to do this more efficiently and effectively than their rivals in the competitive market place in order to attain their goals. The most important goal of an organization is to maintain customer satisfaction and focus on customer centric approach in their organizational and marketing...

In view of the important of SMEs, government has been playing an appreciation role in promoting their survival and growth, various policies towards this has enunciated plan and the ongoing three year rolling plan, priority was accorded industrialization with emphasis on SMEs.

Thus, it has been stated that the panacea for solving the problem of stunted economic growth of developing countries often reside in the adequate funding and development of the small and Medium Scale enterprise...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 

Although, there is general agreement among psychologists that man experiences a variety of needs, there is considerable disagreement as to what these needs are and their relative importance (Van Rooyen, J.  2006). One of the basic problems in any organization is how to motivate people to work. Motivating people to work entails, meeting their needs. This is because people working in the organization to meet workers needs affect the...

Abstract- Small and Medium Enterprises play a very important role in development of the Nigerian Economy. Making up about 97% of the entire economy, they serve as a source of employment generation, innovation, competition, economic dynamism which ultimately lead to poverty alleviation and national growth. Tax policy is one of the factors that constitute the Small businesses’ economic environment. This research work tries to establish if any relationship exists between t...

ABSTRACT:- This study was carried out to examine impact of workplace motivation and commitment on employee efficiency, productivity, and growth  with a special reference to Presh Laboratory and chemical industries limited Awka . Specifically, the study identify the financial and non-financial factors which motivates employees in an organization. The study also ascertain if motivation and commitment has an effect on employee’s efficie...

Abstract:- This research study focused on Impacts of Effective Communication on Organizational Performance in Manufacturing Industry with reference to Global Soap and Detergent Company. Primary and secondary data were used in this study. A total of sixty-five (65) questionnaire copies were administered while sixty (60) were returned but only eighty (80) copies were valid for analysis in this study. Statistical tools used in analyzing the data c...

ABSTRACT

This study aims at improving the performance of small-scale enterprises in Nnewi-South Local Government Area of Anambra State.  The research work has five chapters and it goes like this:-

Chapter one deals with the general introduction and discussion of the topic under research.  It went further to state the problem to be studied and why this study was carried out, the scope and limitation of the stud and final...

This study aims at improving the performance of small-scale enterprises in Nnewi-South Local Government Area of Anambra State.  The research work has five chapters and it goes like this:-

Chapter one deals with the general introduction and discussion of the topic under research.  It went further to state the problem to be studied and why this study was carried out, the scope and limitation of the stud and finally the significant of the study.

Chapter tw...

Background of the Study

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a concept entails the practice whereby corporate entities voluntarily integrate both social and environment upliftment in their business philosophy and operations. A business enterprise is primarily established to create value by producing goods and services which society demands. The notion of Corporate Society Responsibility (CSR) is one of ethical and moral issues surrounding corpor...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The ultimate aim of any manufacturing company is the production of quality goods and services for the satisfaction of its customers and to maximize profit.

The quality production may be checked by the following:

Production

Inspection

Good/term vs defectives.

-  Production: Production is a any process or procedure designed as well as organized to transform a set of input c...

ABSTRACT:- The purpose of this research work is to evaluate how manpower training programme contribute in aiding management in achieving the organizational objectives or goals. It is equally believed that recommendations of this research work will be useful to most business organizations especially Emenite Nigeria limited Enugu. This research work was presented in three chapters; chapter one, deals with the introduction which contains the background of the st...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.

Purpose work in a organization for the purpose of meeting certain needs, these news inferences people’s behavior as Simon (1957:217) has aptly pointed out of the behaviour of individuals in a organization is largely oriented to wards the achievements of certain goals like physiological needs, safety new or security, social needs and the news for worker preference this welfare scheme are adequately provided by the manag...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Product cannibalization happens when a business chooses to substitute an existing product with a new one, regardless of its market position (i.e., the product's life cycle phase is ignored). According to reports, branded producers have used a range of delaying tactics to stop the branded segment's "cannibalization" of their income. One common method is for a marketed company to launch and market a new version of the concerned...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

1. There is a  effect of consumer protection laws on consumption of tobacco product.
2. There is a check on the age of all purchasers who appears to be under the age of 27 or "scanner locks".
3. Tobacco product consumption and cigarette can be encouragingly scrapped  off if not completely .
4. There are check on the level of consumption in a higher or lower rate and if also properly consumed.

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EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

After an employee has been selected, placed and inducted he should also be trained. Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skill of an employee for doing a particular job. No organization has a choice of whether to train or not, the only choice is that of method, if no planned training programme established this has not eliminated training costs. The employee will train himself by trail and error or by observing others.

...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

It is argued that since managerial operations is organizing, staffing, treating and controlling are designed to support the accomplishment of enterprise objectives, then planning should logically precede the execution of all other managerial functions. Although all the managerial functions are interlinked in practice as a system of action, planning is unique, in that it establishes the objective necessary for all group effort. Beside...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Based on the finding of this study, the following conclusions were made:

1. Retaining a higher percentage of existing customers is one of the benefit of customer orientation of service.
2. Attracting more customers through positive word of mouth is another benefit of customer orientation of service.
3. Increasing the usage rate of existing customers is also a benefit of customer orientation of service.

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EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

1. Positive and effective leadership style has influences on employees commitment.
2. Good leadership style motivates employees in the organization.
3.  Good leadership style inspires employees to engage better with their job role.
4. Good leadership style guides subordinates to achieve established goals and objectives.
5. Effective leadership style  delegates responsibility.
...

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EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

There is no doubt given the findings of this study, that corporate social responsibility performance plays significant role in improving the performance of business organization as a whole. It should however be noted that for the company to be more responsive in assisting the society in the provision of viable social services, management must step up its more basic mission of maximizing profits. With social responsibility obligation in view, management team wi...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

1. Total Quality Management has had numerous positive impacts on First Bank, Ikotun which include; improvement of innovative process, reduction of costs and better cost management, improvement of customer focus and satisfaction, increment of customer loyalty and retention, enhancement of market image, higher productivity and strengthening of competitive position etc.
2. Management of First Bank Ikotun has a low level of involvement in the implemen...

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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

No matter how organized a business organization is, most of the problems faced by its’ executive are the effective management of its human resources to achieve organizational goals (Zhor, & Oldham, 2004).

This means that all those who are responsible for the management of any organization must build into the entire system factors that will induce people to contribute as effectively and efficiently as...

Background to the Study

From time immemorial, people have being moving from one place to another in carrying out their daily activities. This simply refers to transportation and to say what transport industry of’ any country is an integral part of the structure of an economy cannot be overemphasized. The rendering of quality service to customer...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Construction projects in developing countries such as Nigeria requires much labour. Governments and Private organizations, especially governments in developing countries, have witnessed project failures in their project implementation, although there might be some differences in the causes, effects and consequences of such failures among governments.

 From the analysis of the study, It was apparent that project failure is very frequent in develo...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

The prospects for beverage companies (and other manufacturing firms) are considerable, but the obstacles are also significant (Ekeno, 2010 cited in Philips, E. (2016). In general, the average growth percentage in the manufacturing sector has remained stable at three to four percent over the years. Many researchers have conducted studies on tax incentives and their effects on the national economy, but none have looked at their impact on the out...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Marketing research is the device used in the marketing field by management to solve problems and make marketing decisions (Tarka, 2018). It is a means to sound decision and conclusion as the objective is to furnish an organization with necessary evidence and facts to base their decisions. Marketing Research provides managers with principles which can be carried over from one marketing condition to another and this can be of use in making predi...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

This study aimed at having a critical analysis of impact of accounting ethics on accounting practice in Nigeria. The study opened with chapter one where the statement of the problem was clearly defined. The study objectives and research hypotheses were defined and formulated respectively. The study reviewed related and relevant literatures. The chapter two gave the conceptual framework, empirical and theoretical studies. The third chapter described the methodo...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Employee commitment is a significant topic of research since it is thought to be closely linked to the strength or stability of a company's workers. Commitment is regarded as important in assessing worker success. A organization of dedicated staff is most likely to profit from improved job efficiency and lower unemployment and absenteeism. Its significance stems from its association with work-related outcomes such as success, absenteeism,...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

People generally go only where their leaders lead or allow them to go. This is an awesome challenge for the leadership of the home, the community, organization, and the nation. Consider this carefully, “people generally go only where their leaders lead or allow them to go”. Your family will only generally go where you lead or allow them to go and a community, organization or nation will go in the direction their leaders lead a...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Organizations are driven by efficiency and achievement that manifests itself in the form of tangible results for the organization, and could be rewarding for the employees. Less productive inputs and lower efficiency levels are bound to affect the business and jeopardize its sustainability and survival. Productivity is nothing but reduction in wastage of resources like men, material, machine, time, space, capital etc. It can be expressed as human efforts to pr...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Weak practices of corporate governance lead to poor financial performance and contribute to macroeconomic crises(Claessens et al.,2002). The corporate governance concept is fundamental in the achievement of economic growth and efficiency because top level management consider it as a device for the reduction of misconduct or mismanagement in the management of an organization(Gomper et al., 2003). When good corporate practices are observed, the agency costs incu...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

taxation policy plays a role in the industrial sector's difficulties because, in addition to raising revenue for the state, it serves a variety of other purposes. It could be used to protect small businesses, to encourage investors to invest in specific sectors of the economy, or to create disincentives for certain activities (Ali-Nakyea, 2008). When a tax policy is factored into pricing, it determines a firm's cost structure, accordin...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Human beings have in them the capacity to do more than the normal. However, it takes motivation to get that extra. In an organization, the management are geared towards achieving goals which translates to their mission or vision. This feat is not achievable if the employee who are suppose to be the light-bearers are in-motivated.

Motivation is a necessary part of management. This is because the extra the management desire is in the hands of the emplo...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

1. Job stress lead to poor performance of an employee in organization.
2. Stress affects men and women differently in work place environment
3. The strategies to cope with stress are to establish boundaries,take time to recharge,learn how to relax and get some support
4. There is a relationship between job stress and organizational performance
5. There is a  relationship between stress and pressur...

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EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Donald (2022) stresses the importance of clarity of the role of corporate planning in an organization. According to him, there is little evidence to support the idea that corporate planning is an activity of corporate planners as managers in organization are actually responsible for strategic decision being taken. Strategic management and corporate planning are the same in the sense that both study the strategic a...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

1. Ration analysis facilitates proper understanding of information continued in financial statements and aids Investment decision. According to Essien (2006:11), “financial statements carry lots of financial statements become more useful when they are related each other or to some other relevant financial data by means of rations.”  

2. Financial rations are useful in evaluating and predicting the performance and fin...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Organizational commitment has been found to be related to turnover, tenure, absenteeism and tardiness (Mowday et al., 1982; May et al., 2002; Meyer & Allen, 1997). It has also been found to be potentially related to performance or job satisfaction although results of studies have reached different conclusions in these areas (Swailes, 2002; Mowday et al., 1982; May & Korczynski, 2002). Due to the variables that are related to organizati...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Suppliers are an essential component of the supply chain system, imbibing effective supplier selection and evaluation are considered important responsibilities of purchasing managers since the supplier evaluation process is purely meant to minimize purchase risk and maximize the overall value to the purchaser. The supplier selection is considered a key strategic decision in outsourcing, as it curtail errors. In order to select the right suppli...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

People are constantly surrounded by culture (often invisible) that forms the background of their work lives in organizations. Organizational culture provides a powerful mechanism for controlling behavior by influencing how we view the world around us. Organizations do not exist in vacuum but in a specific culture or socio culture environment that influences the way their employees think, feel, and behave. Work place culture is a very powerful...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

According to the Indonesia Agency for Small and Medium Enterprises, small scale enterprises are defined as all enterprises, household or cottage, employing less than ten full-time workers and not using motive power or machinery, and medium-sized industries are those employing between ten and fifty workers and using motive power. In terms of quantitative definition, the Indian official version defines small scale industry as manufacturing busin...

Background of the Study

Communication is acknowledged all over the world as the most distinctive factor for human interaction. Over the years it has become needful for organization to relate with customers. Hitherto internet era in the world, customers largely selected their banks based on how convenient locale of the branch was to their homes or offices with the advent of new technologies in the business of banking, such as internet banking, mobile...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Change is an inevitable phenomenon in any organization. This was aptly observed that all organization are in a state of flux whether or not they want to recognize it and manager it, resist it or ignore it.

The manager that succeeds in managing his organization effectively is one that knows how to adopt and manage change in his organization. To survive dynamic competitive environment they must recognize the need for...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Marketing information is often obtained from outside the organization management perceives the opportunities and threats with which it has to respond to and dealing with them not only in equilibrium manner but also trying to out-perform the competitor by means of developing competitive advantage. It provide details on things like current market share held by the organization target niche of market to penetrate, proposed product with new featur...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

In essence, communication involves using codes that are done with the eyes, body movement or sounds made with the voice. Whichever way it is done, there is always a process in which someone initiates a meaning intent that is passed to the interlocutor (receiver). Daniel (2016) asserts that it is when feedback, which involves the receiver responding to the signal by initiating another circle of meaning exchange, has been sent to the sender (sou...

 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Collective bargaining allows both workers and managers to discuss specific terms that can, depending on national law, determine the rules that govern their relationship, determine wages, deal with other maters of mutual interest such as hiring practices, lay offs, promotions, job functions, working conditions and hours, (Herman, 2003) work safety, workers discipline and termination, and benefit programme. It is the proc...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Communication and business success are inseparable. To be able to attain organizational objectives, the manager must be able to transmit information, ideals, attitudes, and feelings through the process of communication (Etuk, 1991).  

From the various submissions, it could be observed that communication involves a lot more than exchange of information between people, it must be noted that for communication to be meaningful and c...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

According to Tolentino (2016), small businesses are the backbone of national growth. A country cannot afford to disregard the value of its indigenous micro and small scale companies (MSEs) and the contributions they make to the country's economy if it is to attain its full potential in terms of economic and social development. In this regard, trade liberalization and the facilitation of foreign direct investment must go hand in hand with a...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

In order to put the contemporary practice and relevance of PR in proper perspective, it is important to provide a brief overview of its heritage as a profession. The historical account brings into sharp relief the fact that PR has long moved beyond being a mere appendage of the corporate governance structure and has become, increasingly, the fulcrum around which organisational image building and public goodwill revolves. Lattimore, Baskin, Hei...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

A lot of contributions have been made towards finding out a lasting solution to the issues of employee/management relations problem. Relating to the above subject matter, McGregor (1960, 5 - 7) stated that “We have not learned about the utilization of talent, about the creation of organizational climate conducive to human growth.” The blunt fact is that we are a long way from realizing the potential represented by human resources w...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine corporate social responsibility and organizational image using Julius Berger Nigeria plc, Akwa Ibom State. Specifically, the study examined  the relationship between corporate social responsibility and organizational image.the study also, identify the key areas in which Julius Berger Nigeria Plc formulate their corporate social responsibility strategy.furthermore, the study,examine ways Julius...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Economic crimes has been described as the manifestation of a criminal act done either solely or in an organized manner with or without associates or groups, with an intent to earn wealth through illegal means, carrying out of illicit activities which violate the laws of the land and other regulating statutory provisions governing the economic activities of the government and its administration. It can erode the confidence in...

ABSTRACT

The study analysed costs and returns of small scale honey bee production in Ohaozara Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used in selecting a total of 40 respondents for the study. Primary data used for the study were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire that was administered to sampled respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analysed field data collected. The...

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study is to ascertain the effect of Covid-19 lockdown and POS availability in Nigeria using Anambra as case study.Survey research design was adopted for study and with the of  convenient sampling method the researcher enrolled 36 POS operators in selected business centre in Akwa, Anambra State. Well structure questionnaire was issued to the enrolled participant out of which 30 were retrieved and validated for the study. Data was analy...

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ABSTRACT

The focus of this study is to examine the role of social media on the development and sustainability using small and medium scale businesses in Magodu Lagos state as case study. The study adopted a survey research design and with the aid of convenient sampling techniques, eighty (80) participants who are staff, managers in/and owners of SMEs in Magodu in Lagos State was enrolled for the study. A well structured questionnaire was issued...

ABSTRACT

The main objective of the study is to examine how the environmental factors could affect the corporate performance using selected business organization in Warri Delta State as case study.Survey research design was employed for the study and with the convenience sampling the method, 80 participant was enrolled for the study of which 77 was validated for the study. The project employed the use of questionnaire to sources of data which is administered to the y...

ABSTRACT

In work environments, people of different cultures and backgrounds have to work together, so they are able to interact and communicate on a daily basis. This can be exciting and interesting, yet it also brings about frustrations and uncertainties at times. It therefore becomes essential for any progressive organization to continuously seek ways to embrace and address these changes. Therefore, the study examines the effects of work place div...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine the impact of micro credit programmes on entrepreneurship development using registered enterprises from Akwa Ibom and Cross River States whose workforce do not exceed ten employees for micro enterprises and forty-nine employees as case study. Specifically, the study aimed at determining the impact of micro credit programmes on entrepreneurship development in Akwa Ibom and Cross River...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to find out the impact of branding as a tool to increase sales volume of an organization. Specifically, the study identified methods of marketing branded  products in an organization,  found out different styles of branding used by organization and, found out the impact of branding on the increase in sales volume of Nestle foods Nigeria Ltd. The study employed the survey descriptive research design....

ABSTRACT

The need for effective and proper planning necessitated the adoption of budgeting and budgetary control system. It is hoped that effective budgeting and budgetary would enhance effective performance, thereby, help in the attainment of the organization’s goals. This research will examine the role of budgeting and budgetary control towards effective planning in an organization as a whole, with specific objective of examining the need fo...

ABSTRACT

The focus of this study aimed at assessing the effect of fuel price hike on Business Operations using Gourmet Pizza Company Abuja as case study.  The survey research design was used for the study. Convenience sampling method was used in the study as the researcher purposively  thirty-three (33) respondent who are  Staffs of Gourmet Pizza Company Abuja.33 questionnaires was issued of which 30 were...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine the effect of employer-employee office relationship on the productivity of an organization. In  Ibadan Local Government, Oyo State. Specifically, the study examined examine the importance of employee-employer relationship. the extent at which employee-employer relationship improves organizational productivity.  if there is any significant effect of employee-employers office relationship o...

ABSTRACT

The globalization of COVID-19 pandemic is en route to produce a chain of economic impacts worldwide through distortions in global trade and supply chain. The globalization of production and trade shocks in relation to China generate substantial threat to world trade. The aim of this paper is to provide a preliminary and broadbased understanding of likely trade implications of the pandemic. Beginning with an assessment on...

ABSTRACT

The broad objective of this study is to examine the impact of production planning and control on manufacturing process using  Nigeria  Brewery in Lagos State as case study,as case study. Survey research design was employed for the study and with the aid of convenient sampling technique seventy-nine(79) participant was selected for the study who are staff and management in Nigeria Brewery     Lagos State. W...

ABSTRACT

This research examines the role of manager in small scale business organization with special reference to favourite paints and chemicals Nigeria limited Ijebu Ode, Ogun State. The research adopted a survey research design. A well structured questionnaire was designed and administered to respondents. A sample size of Twenty (20) was drawn from the population of study. The sampling was made based on a simple random sampling technique.&nb...

ABSTRACT

This project work deals with “Appraisal of Income Tax Collection and Administration in Nigeria. A case study of Board of Internal Revenue Enugu. It explains the income tax collections as a vital tool of macro-economic management of our society. I have come to acknowledge that taxation is a patent fiscal full of economic adjustment. Most important of all, it is looked upon to generate the revenue needed to help us tide our current econ...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on the assessment of the effect of cryptocurrency ban policy on investors in Nigeria using investors in Lagos state as case study. To achieve this, 2 research questions were formulated.  The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study.  In determining the sample size, the researcher purposively selected 65 respondents while 50 respondents were...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to human capital development and employees productivity using Akwa Ibom civil service commission. Specifically, the study examine examine the  role or human capital development in an organization. The study also,  evaluate the challenges of  human capital development on an organization. The study further examine the relationship between human capital development and employee productivity. Lastly, th...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on embracing top-down information communication as a means of enhancing innovation in organizations. Specifically, the study examined 5 selected companies in Lagos State. The study employed the survey descriptive research design. A total of 230 responses were validated from the survey. The study adopted the conversational theory. From the responses obtained and analysed, the findings revealed that top-down informa...

ABSTRACT

The study of motivation in an organization enhances the degree to which it results in productivity and workers performance. Since it plays a vital role in the life of any organization and remained a central issue in any organization (private and public sector) committed to the attainment of specific set goals and objectives. This is why organizations spend huge amount of financial resources in their effort to identify conditions that leads...

ABSTRACT

This study interrogates the root causes of persistent unethical comportment, erosion of Values, and poor accountability in the contemporary civil service with a focus on the Federal Inland Revenue Service, Enugu. The manifestations of deepening attitudinal decay, mind full abuse of official Codes and principles and hysterical stealing, riddle the Federal Inland Revenue Service, Enugu today. Deontological ethical theory was employed to explicate the rational...

ABSTRACT

The study evaluates the impact of Taraba State Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy on poverty alleviation in the state. The study adopted a correlational design method and uses data obtained from secondary sources. It uses longitudinal regression model to examine the impact of investment in agricultural sector, investment in small and ...

ABSTRACT 

In recent decades, the idea of success has gotten a lot of attention, and it's now ubiquitous in nearly every aspect of human life. Performance is a subjective interpretation of truth, which describes the concept's and its measurement instruments' plethora of essential reflections. this study wants to know if there's a connection between effective team-bonding and information sharing on overall organizational performan...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out  on the factors affecting adoption of POS terminals by business organizations in Nigeria using business organizations in Delta State as case study. To carry out the study, 2 research questions were posed. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study was carried out in Delta state. The population of the study comprised of all the staff of selected business organizations in Delta stat...

BACKGROUND TO STUDY

A firm's leverage refers to the mix of its financial liabilities. As financial capital is an uncertain but critical resource for all firms, suppliers of finance are able to exert control over firms. Debt and equity are the two major classes of liabilities, with debt holders and equity holders representing the two types of investors in the firm. Each of these is associated with different levels of risk, benefits, and control. While debt holder...

ABSTRACT

The survey research design was adopted to determine whether the financial management practices of small firms in Nigeria impacted on their profitability, growth and survival. Five independent variables (accounting systems, financial management information, working capital management, budgeting practices and managerial planning) were used in the evaluation which was restricted to six small firms. Results indicate that two financial information variables (acc...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nigeria is unquestionably one of Sub-Saharan Africa's major economies1. While she is heavily reliant on oil, her economy is bolstered by pockets of global entities that include almost all sectors of the economy, including multinational corporations with offices in the region, indigenous firms, and a vast number of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs).Small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) are non-affiliated, self-con...

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The global financial system is no doubt embracing the current transition from physical currency to almost virtual currencies through the medium of technology. This wave has ushered in the birth of crypto currencies. In the light of this outbreak, there has been a lot of positive and negative discourse on the value of crypto-currencies to the Nigerian fiscal system. Investors have in their masses invested in crypto currencies, the...

ABSTRACT

This study examined the relationship between human capital development and organizational performance. The research design used was survey design, the population of this study consists of members of staff of Sterling Bank Plc Lagos, while the sample size was 118 that responded to administered questionnaire. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency Tables and Percentages. The findings of the stud...

ABSTRACT

Corporate growth was much desired by most companies operating in Nigeria these was because of the advantage of high profit ability to dictate to some certain degree in terms of industry and market which lead to enlargement in market share brought about by the growth made in corporate strategies used. The strategies being about the desire and expansion of Oando Plc in Nigeria. This research project evaluated M & A as a corporate growth strategy in Nigeri...

ABSTRACT

This research work focuses on effects of organization structure on employees’ performance using first bank plc as a case study. The objective of this study is to access what effective organization structure is, the theory and practice on organization performance leading to the mutual satisfaction of all the stakeholders, government, academic, business firms, employees and practitioners. The investigation was carried out...

ABSTRACT

This study examined how the organisation’s human capital was compensated and see whether the compensation (salary and wages) even serves as a motivational tool to enhance organisational performance. Seven research questions were postulated to find solutions to the problems of the study. One hundred and twenty personnel formed the sample size from six organisations. A self-designed instrument labeled Wages and Salar...

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this study is to know the roles and efforts of Small Scale Business Enterprises in the Nigerian Economic Development. Every nation no matter the nature and rate of available human and material resources under its disposal can hardly attain growth and economic development if the small scale business sectors of such nature is neglected or not given adequate financial supports cum other incentives that make for the survival of this business...

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research work is to find out the effects of unemployment on Nigeria economy. Generally, many researches have tried to work on this topic to see how unemployment can be reduced if not eradicate unemployment   from Nigeria economy. In the cause of this study, questions where sent out and interview conducted with a case study of Ifako-Ijaiye Local government. This work is divided into chapters, each dealing with speci...

ABSTRACT

This research work is to know the effect of working capital on the operation of business organization using 7up bottling company Nig. Plc as a case study. In most of the business organizations today, the management have not seriously looked into the effect of working capital on the operation of their business and this has been adversely affecting the growth, stability and profitability of the business within their...

ABSTRACT

In this study, our focus was to carryout  a critical analysis on effective product distribution and organizational performance. The study specifically was aimed at ascertain the effect of product distribution on organizational performance. The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 75 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent are...

ABSTRACT

This project has been able to carry out Small and Medium Scale business enterprises and economic growth. The research sample is randomly selected from De Eugene De-Rose Industry and Vono Product Plc by survey method composed of thirty (30) respondents.  Chapter one looked at the background of the study (introduction), the statement of problems, objective of study. It also highlights research questions, statement of hypothesis, signific...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine the effect of startup business in entrepreneurial development in Nigeria, using 20 selected event management centres in Abuja as case study. Specifically, the study examined various areas startup business has affected entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. The study employed the survey descriptive research design. A total of 62 responses were validated from the survey. Hypotheses were analysed using ch...

ABSTRACT

Many economists developed and developing have come to realize the value of small scale industries, they are seen to be characterized by Dynamism Witty innovation, efficiency and their small size allows faster decision making process. This study seeks to find out the effect of small industries on Nigerian economy, the specific objectives are to ascertain the relationship between the product of small scale industries and the Gross Domestic Product of Nigeria...

ABSTRACT

This study examines effect of twitter ban on foreign investors in Nigeria. using Lagos State as case study. The study adopted a survey research design and with the aid of convenient sampling techniques, 80 participants who are resident of Ikeja Metropolis  in Lagos State was enrolled for the study. A well structured questionnaire was issued to the respondent of which a total of 77 responses were received and validated for the stud...

ABSTRACT

This study examines the impact of Training and development on effective performance of workers in Yaba Local Government Area. A study of the First bank Plc, it becomes imperative because of the poor selection of personnel's, lack of proper assessment and evaluation of employee's performance in the organization and the need to tackle the problems for efficient and effective performance. The findings discovers that majority of the staff of Yaba L...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out  on the effect of the Twitter ban on small businesses in Nigeria using SMEs in Port Harcourt, Rivers State as case study. To carry out the study, 3 research hypothesis were posed. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study was carried out in Rivers state. The population of the study comprised of all owners/managers of selected SMEs in  Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The population size o...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine the effect of twitter ban on mobile data usage  in Alimosho  Local Government, Lagos State. Specifically, the study examined what was  responsible for twitter ban in Nigeria, the effect of twitter ban on mobile data usage in Nigeria, how mobile data usage has increased or decreased with the ban of twitter, and ways mobile data usage can be increased in Nigeria in Alimosho L...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine the effect of human capital development on organization performance using Nigeria Floor Mills, Lagos State as a case study. Specifically, the study aimed at ascertaining if there is a significant relationship between training & development and employee career growth and if employee orientation has a significant effect on employee satisfaction. The study employed the survey descriptive research desig...

ABSTRACT

This study investigated effects of effect of job enrichment techniques on employee performance in Federal University Dutsinma, Katsina State. Job enrichment is one of the cherished goals to achieve employee performance. It is essential to understand how job enrichment is a valuable tool for managing and fostering the successful employee performance. Enriched job consists of various elements like task significance, task identity and skill variety which impro...

ABSTRACT

This study was undertaken among other reasons of leadership style on the employee's performance in organization using the Ojo Local Government Area, Lagos as a case study. The study employed survey research method. Data were gathered through secondary source with the aid of a well structured questionnaire.  A sample of sixty (60) was drawn from the population and questionnaires were administered to them, out of the sixty questionna...

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of physical working environment on organizational performance in Nigeria. Using DataPlus Interactive Limited, FCT Abuja. The study adopted a survey research design and with the aid of convenience sampling method, the researcher selected 36 participant who are staff of DataPlus Interactive Limited was selected for the study. Self-Structured questionnaire was issued to the respondent o...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on the assessment of the effect of cryptocurrency ban policy on Unemployment rate in Nigeria using Unemployment rate in Lagos state as case study. To achieve this 4 research questions were formulated.  The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study.  In determining the sample size, the researcher purposively selected 65 respondents while 50 respondents...

ABSTRACT

Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) are undeniably playing a significant role in the economic development of many countries globally. This role performed by the SMEs has been distracted by the global pandemic COVID-19 (Coronavirus). The pandemic brought about lockdown, movement restrictions, market closure, social distancing, etc. Thus, these restrictions and controls of the movement have particularly affected small and medium enterpr...

Background of the Study

The growing use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has now invaded practically every facet of society, including the healthcare industry. In recent years, the widespread use of information and communication technology (ICT) has permeated practically every aspect of human and...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Market segmentation is a vital issue in marketing strategy. Therefore, marketing segmentation is the sub-dividing of a market into district subset of customers where any subsets may conceivably be selected as a target to be reaching with a district marketing mix. Kotler (2008) opines that market is a place or a geographical area where buyers and sellers meet and function, goods and services are offered for sale and...

Background of the Study

Most organizations have realized that the performance of their workers plays a vital role in determining the success of the organization (Zheng, 2010; Ajila and Awonusi, 2004). As such, it is important for employers and managers alike to know how to get the best of their workers. One of the antecedent determinants of workers’ performance is believed to be employee commitment (Ali, 2010; Ajila and Awonusi, 2004). As such...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

It is quite obvious to note that political and economic history of Nigeria has great influence on their trade relations as well on the consumption patterns of the people. The trend cannot be ignored by a meaningful study of consumer patterns in Nigeria whole constitutes sheth (1969) and Engel, Kollat and Black well (1978). This research objectives “Nigerians towards both Nigeria makes goods and the foreig...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Around 1999, empirical researchers began to examine the performance and consequences of formal corporate planning (Thune and House, 1999; Ansoff et al., 2000; Herold, 2001) and over 40 planning performance studies have appeared since that time. However, in recent years this line of research has slowed to a trickle and with good reason. Previous studies lacked theoretical ground, produced a bewildering array of contradictory f...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 
Basically, communication touch every sphere of human activity, it informs or better still disseminate information/message to target audience. One of the peculiarities of the human race is communication among the members of the society. Communication is an essential attribute of human behaviour . In deed, communication is perhaps man’s most important singular activity because every other human activity  revolves...

ABSTRACT

This study focused on the assessment of mobile money and its impact on business performance using SMEs in Rivers State as case study. The study is was specifically focused on examining if mobile money increases productivity examining if mobile money transfer facilitates increase in sales volume and examining the impact of Mobile Money on business market share. The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled part...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Budgeting control has been widely accepted as management techniques which are aimed at controlling the operations of an enterprise towards the realization of predetermined objectives. Organizations are structured into various departments according to individual requirement with specific targets set at each unit for the attainment of corporate objectives.

Budgeting control system is premised on co-or...

Background to the Study

According to Osemene O.F. (2012), many organizations in Nigeria are established for the purpose to make and increase profit to the neglence of all the stakeholders.

Some organizations do not respond to the need and interest of the host community.

There is a dier need for organizations to begins to incorporate public interest. Companies are struggling in finding the edge between responding to consumer press...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Academics and practitioners have been striving to establish and agreed upon definitions of the concept of corporate social responsibility for over 30 years. Davis (1960) suggested that social responsibility refers to businesses’ “decisions and actions taken for reasons at least partially beyond the firm’s direct economic or technical interest.” Eells and Walton (1961) also argued that corporate social responsibility re...

BACKGROUNG OF THE STUDY

Since the institutions operate in an environment, produce and services for the environment and employ People to eradicate or resolve social problems posed to the society as a result of their operation.

Social responsibility whether of a business, governmental or non-governmental may arise in two ways, it may arise out of the social impact of the institutions or it may arise as problems of the society itself (Holmes, 1977). Both are...

Background Of The Study

From time immemorial, transportation services have been an absolute necessity for businesses and governments to operate successfully. Businesses rely on transport systems to fulfil purchase orders, likewise people who need to move from one place to another in a timely fashion. Consisting of several sectors, from airlines, to marine and logistics, the industry is ultimately the backbone of any economy. On the 27th of February...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

On January 30, the World Health Organization (2020) declared the novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) as a global public health emergency of international concern. After four months her declaration, the virus spread to virtually all nations and territories of the globe. According to Worldometer (2020), as at 9 June 2020, the total global case stands at 7,303,229 with 412,766 and 3,592,208 deaths and recoveries. However the n...

1.1 Background of the study 

It is a common assumption that businesses with larger capital bases tend to generate higher returns and offer greater value. There is a widespread but mistaken belief that a more optimal distribution of an organization's capital is the grease that propels its performance and growth (Modigliani & Miller, 1958). However, in to...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The family Coronaviridae is home to a group of viruses known collectively as the coronaviruses. These viruses may infect both animals and humans. Human corona viruses may either induce a minor sickness comparable to the common cold or a more dangerous illness (such as MERS or SARS, which stand for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and Extreme Acute Respiratory Syndrome, respectively) (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). In Dec...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The creation of products and services, as well as their distribution, promotion, sale, or delivery, are all considered to be under the purview of online commerce (Okiy, 2021). "Online commerce" is defined as "the purchasing and selling of items, services, and information over computer networks," as stated by Niehans (2021). According to Okiy (2021), e-commerce also includes the formation of a legally bindi...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Planning one's finances requires making efficient use of one's resources (Kotze et al, 2021). Nearly all endeavors necessitate the application of financial resources. Since financing is required for the purchase of most things, there must be some form of financial management. It is impossible to amass financial resources and then employ them in any way (Nwonye, 2021).

First and foremost, financial planning e...

​​​​​​​BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The French newspaper La Presse was the first to publish paid advertisements within its pages in June of 1836. This innovation enabled the publication to decrease its price, expand its readership, and increase its profitability; subsequent publications quickly replicated this model, and it is now standard practise. In the years around 1840, Volney B. Palmer laid the groundwork in Philadelphia for what would become the modern advertisin...

BACKROUND OF THE STUDY

Before the onset of oil exploration in the early 1970s, the Nigerian economy was primarily agricultural. Nigeria was not considered a wealthy country at the time, but the country could feed itself enough and the economy was thriving. At the time, agricultural products accounted for 85% of the country's export earnings. During this time, Nigeria has also made a concerted effort toward the autonomous nation's economic growth. Most enterp...

Background information

In recent years, statistical analytic methods have proven to be beneficial. It is now a vital instrument for exploration and research in almost every aspect of human activity. The majority of statistical analysis approaches are focused with drawing conclusions from observable data. That is, extracting meaningful conclusions from sample data. Surprisingly, the Small and Medium Enterprise Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) is a prominent bod...

​​​​​​​Background of the study

The practice of hospitality involves extending a kind greeting to visitors as well as complete strangers. According to Bleigh (2022), hospitality may be described as the generous and kind welcoming of guests, visitors, or strangers through the provision of entertainment. Stocks are the stockpiles of products and supplies that are stored in a hospitality business; depending on the situation, stocks might be a hassle, a must, or a conven...

​​​​​​​Background of the study

The majority of the most successful businesses and organizations in the world had their start as modest enterprises. Through the application of their talents and hard work, these businesses eventually expanded into conglomerates and global corporations.

Any economy, regardless of its type, contains a subset of businesses known as small scale businesses, which hold a special place in the economy and are essential to its growth...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY:

The general consensus among economists and policy analysts at the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other international agencies is that corruption is a worldwide problem, but with more debilitating effects felt in emerging and developing countries, such as those found in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Specifically, the World Bank, the IMF, and other international agencies have found that corruption...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

People first began engaging in entrepreneurial behavior when they started producing more goods than they needed. Because of this, they were forced to trade their excess goods with others who also wanted to get rid of their extra inventory. The result of this was that producers came to the realization that they might focus their efforts in their own sectors of production to create more, which they could then trade for what the...

Background to the study

In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in performance assessment in both practical and theoretical fields. Beyond the confines of management accounting literature, various fields, including organizational theory, operations and production management, strategic management, and finance, have contributed to the advancement of current understanding. However, the majority of these places have been examined in...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Employers not only recruit people, but they also begin a new relationship with those employ. As a result, managing relationships becomes an important aspect in determining performance of those employed and productivity  in such a working environment. Although the purpose of every business is to maximize profits and productivity, the sort of relationships that are formed inside the organization can have an impac...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Not only is the ability to acquire information fundamental to human existence. In addition to this, it is the vital nerve centre for the operation of any company (Adeforo 2021). This is a direct result of the fact that decisions are formulated on the basis of information; hence, in order to make effective decisions and effectively carry out those decisions, there must be a continual flow of information. After being processed,...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 

Although there is widespread consensus among psychologists that humans have a diverse set of needs, there is a great deal of dispute over the nature of these requirements and the order of priority they should be given (Adonisi, 2021).

Finding ways to get employees excited about their job is one of the most fundamental challenges faced by any business. To get individuals to work more, you have to cater to their individual requi...

BACKROUND OF THE STUDY

The economy of Nigeria was mostly based on agriculture for a long time until oil drilling began in the country in the early 1970s. At the time, Nigeria was not seen as a particularly wealthy nation; yet, the country was able to sufficiently feed itself, and the economy was in a relatively healthy state (Godan, 2022). Agricultural goods accounted for 85 percent of the country's total revenue from exports at this period. In...

​​​​​​​Background of the study

Manufacturing businesses are shifting their focus toward three primary competitive areas as a result of the pressure brought on by globalization: quality, cost, and responsiveness. The pursuit of quality has emerged as a topic of concern on an international scale. Manufacturing companies are needed to guarantee that their processes are regularly reviewed and that the quality of their products is enhanced in order for the company to be...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Block chain technology is one of the newest, hottest and most intriguing technologies currently in the market. The technology is capable of providing a secure, transparent, and efficient processes for Entrepreneurs, startup companies, investors, global organizations and governments. Block Chain technology is a digital ledger which uses bit coin or other crypto currency to conduct transactions which are recorded chronolog...

Background To The Study

E-Commerce is the process of conducting business electronically among various entities in order to satisfy an organizational or individual objective. A key ingredient of E-Commerce, sometimes referred to as electronic trading, is the advertisement and procurement of goods and services over the Internet (Abdulrahman, 2019). The success and volume of E-Commerce on the web has been widely reported. With success in establishing a...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Total quality management is a company-wide management concept that focuses on continually improving the quality of products/services/processes by concentrating on the requirements and expectations of the customers in order to improve customer retention, satisfaction, and firm performance. According to Dimitriades (2016), the link between overall quality management approaches and customer retention, satisfaction, and performance yields conflic...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Communication is defined as "the transmission or exchanging of ideas, views, or information through voice, writing, or signs," according to Webster's Dictionary. It is essential to keep in mind that communication comes in many forms than only the verbal one. According to the findings of one study, the body language, attitude, and tone of voice have a greater impact on communication than the actual words said. The words themselve...

Background of the Study

It is impossible to overstate the value of small businesses, particularly in emerging nations like Nigeria. Worldwide, small firms are recognized as catalysts for socioeconomic growth because they promote entrepreneurship, innovation, and the efficient use of resources like raw materials. They also aid in balancing the socioeconomic infrastructure of rural and urban regions and industrial growth. Additionally, small-scale bus...

Introduction 

Organizations are established with the aim of effectively utilizing various available human and non-human resource to achieve certain objective. Among these resources in human, which is commonly seen as the most valuable asset an organization could use to earn competitive advantage and achieve its objective, hence the need for human resources management to ensure optimum productivity and organizational continuous existence.

Werther ...

Background to the study

Business refers to any commercial or economic activity that is focused on maximizing profit for the firm. The primary purpose of business organizations is to generate money, develop their operations, and survive in their respective markets. In today's world, the environment in which companies operate is a complex, multi-faceted dynamic that has a significant impact on the operations of these firms (Rosenberg, 2018).

The environm...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In December 2019 in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 was found for the first time. Despite this, it spread quickly and had a detrimental effect on all of the nations and territories on Earth. As of the 5th of October 2020, nearly 6 million instances of COVID-19 have been documented around the globe, resulting in over one million fatalities (Johns Hopkins University, 2020). (WHO, 2020). These statistics were absolutely mind-boggling, an...

​​​​​​​BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Beginning in the early 1970s, the government of Nigeria steadily increased its influence over the private sector, promoting investment in important sectors and shielding newborn industrial companies from overseas competition. This is primarily owing to the Nigerian government's acceptance of MSEs as the economic engine and wealth generator, as well as a significant component in supporting private sector development...

Background of the study

The increasingly competitive business climate has made it necessary for organizations to implement systems and procedures that will ensure commendable performance of the organization in the interests of its stakeholders. According to Muigai1i and Gitau (2018), companies must constantly deal with the challenge of changing market demands and meeting changing customer expectations, especially because the marketplace is stated to...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In order to transmit their messages to their target audiences or to remind them of their entity's mission and goal, organizations, whether public or private, depend on some form of contact. Employees often tend to overstate their level of productivity on the workplace. This is the location to be at when the quality of the touch is at its highest. For instance, when information regarding an organization's rules and pro...

Background To The Study

ICT (information and communication technology) has altered the manner in which people live, study, work, and associate. According to Tambe and Hitt (2016), ICT is a means through which businesses seek out creative ways of functioning and disseminating information to obtain economic advantages. Information technology, according to Abdallahand (2019), is a multimedia technology that includes the internet, software, hardware, co...

BACKGROUND STUDY

Poverty alleviation in any country may make a significant contribution to the betterment of people's lives and the country's economic progress (Akpata 2016). This necessitates industrialization, with micro and small business as one of the packages and instruments to help speed economic growth, socioeconomic advancement, and, ultimately, the nation's overall poverty reduction. They provide a significant contribu...

Background of the study

Security concerns are taken very seriously all throughout the world. It is widely acknowledged as one of a state's most basic tasks. Security has always been an important aspect of human existence and sustenance, and it may be described as the absence of threats or violence that could result in the loss of lives or property. To put it another way, security refers to a situation in which citizens are safeguarded against th...

Background of the Study

The importance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in achieving economic growth, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria, cannot be overstated. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) continue to be the bedrock and building blocks of any economy's substantial and long-term growth. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the driving force behind industrial growth and development. This is primarily owin...

Background Of The Study

The word "organization" as used in this study refers to a collection of individuals who collaborate, such as a neighborhood association, a charitable organization, a labor union, or a company (Deir, 2016). These individuals are engaged in actions that contribute to the accomplishment of a certain purpose. Additionally, they might be individuals who gather together for a modest commercial purpose or something as sophisticated as a go...

Preamble

The contribution of human labor is essential to organization. To understand this phenomena is difficult for managers of such organizations because of its complexity. As a result, many people assume that every activity is a step toward achieving a goal. Therefore, in order for an organization or an individual to participate in any productive initiative, the endeavor itself must have underlying causes that include the individual working in th...

BACKGROUND STUDY

With the world economy gradually globalizing, it could have been assumed that 'emerging' countries would catch up, yet the reverse has occurred. In certain nations, such as Nigeria, prosperity has been accompanied with rising inequality, with the gains failing to reach the poor. Others, such as those in Sub-Saharan Africa, have seen development stall to the point of reversal (Ward, & Zurbruegg, 2018). Even when there is...

Background Of The Study

In modern-day Nigeria, it is almost impossible to have a discussion that does not start with the term "leadership." Leadership at all levels of organization, including the government, organizations, mosques and churches, and even families and schools. There are also problems with leadership that are being discussed in many different regions of the globe today. Because to poor leadership, both the government and comp...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

  The growth of cooperative societies as a potent instrument for developing economic empowerment, especially among women and other vulnerable and excluded groups, has garnered a growing amount of recognition in recent years. They have continued to be crucial to the economies of a wide variety of nations across the world. For instance, in the Republic of Kenya, cooperatives are responsible for 45 percent of the count...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 

The emergence of globalization in the political, social, economic, and technological developments has a significant impact on the communal and organizational life of society's members. In tandem with these developments, the management of organizations are obligated to adopt new management techniques in organization to contend with the intensifying rivalry. Utilizing the power of communication, the m...

ABSTRACT

This research work is focused on  “Sustaining Nigerian firms through strategic alliance in the emerging competitive business environment with particular reference to Federal University of Technology Yola. Survey research design was adopted for the study and with the aid of convenient sampling method, the researcher selected Fifty-five (55) participant who are Staff of Federal Polytechnic Ilaro was selected as the respondent of the study. Well...