BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT TOPICS

Background of the Study

Cooperative societies are member-based organizations that aim to promote mutual economic welfare and provide financial services such as savings, loans, and credit to their members. These societies are especially vital in rural areas where access to financial services is limited. In Benue State, cooperative societies play a significant role in improving the financial inclusion of low-income individuals and fostering community development (Okpara & Uche, 20...

Background of the Study

Financial control mechanisms are systems and processes established within organizations to ensure the effective management of financial resources, compliance with financial policies, and prevention of financial mismanagement (Nwogugu & Adefolalu, 2024). In large corporations like Dangote Group, the implementation of strong financial control mechanisms is essential to maintain financial stability, ensure transparency, and support decision-making. The Dango...

Background of the Study

Financial literacy refers to the ability to understand and apply various financial skills, including budgeting, saving, investing, and managing debt (Akinmoladun & Adeoye, 2023). It is a critical factor that influences an individual's financial decisions, especially in the context of loan acquisition and repayment. In Sokoto State, like in many parts of Nigeria, access to loans from financial institutions has increased significantly over the past deca...

Background of the Study

Financial record-keeping is a crucial practice for any business, regardless of its size or nature. It involves the systematic recording of financial transactions to ensure that business owners can track their income, expenses, and profits (Ogunbiyi & Usman, 2023). For traders in Yobe State, especially those in small retail businesses, financial record-keeping is essential for making informed decisions, securing financing, and ensuring long-term sustainabi...

Background of the Study

Financial mismanagement refers to the improper handling or inefficient allocation of financial resources within an organization, often leading to significant financial losses, insolvency, or business closure (Fadare & Ogunleye, 2024). In Nigeria, financial mismanagement is one of the leading causes of business failure, particularly within the manufacturing sector, where firms face unique financial challenges, such as high operating costs, fluctuating raw...

Background of the Study

Financial innovation refers to the development and adoption of new financial products, services, or technologies that improve the efficiency, accessibility, and competitiveness of the financial sector (Olowu & Adeyemi, 2023). In recent years, the banking sector in Nigeria has witnessed significant changes, driven by advancements in financial technologies, mobile banking, and digital payment systems. These innovations have enabled banks to reduce operation...

Background of the Study

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are widely recognized as crucial to the economic development of any country, including Nigeria. They play a significant role in job creation, poverty reduction, and innovation (Alabi & Oluwaseun, 2024). However, despite their contribution, many SMEs face challenges in maintaining long-term survival and growth. A critical factor influencing the success of SMEs is effective financial management. Financial management skill...

Background of the Study

Corporate governance refers to the mechanisms, processes, and relations by which corporations are controlled and directed, ensuring that companies are run in a way that aligns with stakeholders' interests and contributes to long-term sustainability (Zubair & Hassan, 2023). The importance of sound corporate governance cannot be overstated, as it plays a pivotal role in enhancing the financial stability of a company, particularly in the banking sector....

Background of the Study

In the corporate world, investment decisions are critical for the long-term success and profitability of a business. Financial risk assessment plays an essential role in making informed investment decisions, helping companies to identify potential risks and mitigate them in order to maximize returns (Ali & Bello, 2024). In the case of Lafarge Cement in Bauchi State, the company operates in a capital-intensive industry where large investments in infrastruc...

Background of the Study

Taxation plays a crucial role in the economic development of a country by contributing to government revenue, which is used to finance public services and infrastructure. For small businesses, including traders in Gombe State, taxes can represent both a challenge and an opportunity. On one hand, tax obligations can strain limited financial resources, especially for small businesses that may already be facing financial difficulties due to competition, poor inf...

Background of the Study

Accounting information plays a fundamental role in financial decision-making by providing key insights into the financial health of a business. Accurate and reliable financial data enables managers to make informed decisions about resource allocation, investment strategies, budgeting, and risk management (Olalekan & Okoro, 2024). In Kogi State, as in many other regions, businesses rely heavily on accounting information for planning and decision-making, pa...

Background of the Study

Financial mismanagement is one of the leading causes of business failure, particularly in developing regions like Kaduna State. For businesses, proper financial management is critical in ensuring sustainable operations, securing funding, and making informed strategic decisions. Financial mismanagement can take various forms, including poor budgeting, inadequate financial planning, ineffective cash flow management, and lack of financial controls (Gusau & M...

Background of the Study

Cash flow management is a crucial factor in determining the survival and sustainability of businesses. For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Sokoto State, effective management of cash flow is especially vital, as these businesses often lack the financial resilience to absorb shocks such as delayed payments or unforeseen expenses (Umar & Sani, 2023). Cash flow issues are among the leading causes of business failure globally, and Sokoto State is...

Background of the Study

Fraud in banking institutions poses significant risks to the financial system, affecting not only the banks themselves but also their customers, investors, and the broader economy. The growing sophistication of fraud schemes, combined with rapid technological advancements in the banking sector, has made it increasingly challenging for banks to detect and prevent fraudulent activities. In Jigawa State, as in many other parts of Nigeria, banks are faced with a...

Background of the Study

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are vital drivers of economic growth in Nigeria, including in Yobe State. These businesses contribute to job creation, poverty reduction, and innovation. However, despite their importance, SMEs often face significant financial constraints that limit their ability to expand, innovate, or even sustain their operations. In Yobe State, these challenges are exacerbated by factors such as limited access to capital, high-int...

Background of the Study

Financial performance measurement is a critical aspect of managing banking institutions, as it helps assess the effectiveness of management decisions, operational efficiency, and the overall financial health of the organization. In Sokoto State, as in other parts of Nigeria, banks are pivotal in driving economic growth by facilitating credit, investment, and savings. Therefore, the need for robust financial performance measurement techniques is vital for ensu...

Background of the Study

Taxation plays a critical role in generating revenue for governments, which is then used to fund public goods and services. However, for small businesses, the tax burden can be a significant challenge, potentially affecting their survival and growth (Adeyemi & Bello, 2023). In Taraba State, small businesses constitute a large portion of the economy, with many engaged in agriculture, retail, and service sectors. These businesses often face difficulties in...

Background of the Study

Effective debt management is essential for maintaining the financial stability of state governments, enabling them to fund critical infrastructure projects and meet their obligations without jeopardizing future economic growth. In Nigeria, many state governments, including Kwara State, rely on external and internal borrowing to supplement their revenue, which often falls short of financing the required developmental projects (Adebayo & Obafemi, 2023). Deb...

Background of the Study

Revenue generation is crucial for local governments to fund essential public services such as education, health, infrastructure, and social welfare programs. In Nigeria, local governments are expected to generate a significant portion of their revenue from internally generated sources, including taxes, fees, and charges, in addition to transfers from the federal and state governments (Suleiman & Ibrahim, 2023). Kogi State, like many other states in Nigeri...

Background of the Study

Small-scale businesses are the backbone of many economies, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria, where they contribute significantly to employment and economic growth. However, access to credit remains a major barrier for many small-scale businesses, limiting their ability to expand, innovate, and compete (Abiola & Chijioke, 2023). In Benue State, small-scale businesses, particularly in agriculture, retail, and manufacturing, play a vital rol...

Background of the Study

Credit policies are essential in shaping the lending behavior of banks and the financial stability of borrowers. In Unity Bank Plc, which operates in Kebbi State, the credit policy is designed to ensure that loans are granted to creditworthy individuals and businesses while minimizing the risk of loan defaults. However, poor credit policies or inadequate risk assessment can lead to high loan default rates, which negatively impact the bank’s financial pe...

Background of the Study

Pension fund management plays a crucial role in securing the financial stability of retirees, ensuring they have sufficient resources to maintain their standard of living after they leave active service. In Nigeria, the Pension Reform Act of 2014 introduced a mandatory Contributory Pension Scheme, which requires both employers and employees to contribute to pension funds during the course of employment (Oluwaseun & Olufunmilayo, 2023). This reform was des...

Background of the Study

Working capital management (WCM) refers to the management of a company’s short-term assets and liabilities to ensure operational efficiency and profitability. The primary objective of WCM is to maintain a balance between the company’s current assets and current liabilities to avoid liquidity problems and ensure that day-to-day operations run smoothly (Ibrahim & Olamide, 2023). For manufacturing companies like NASCON Allied Industries, which pr...

Background of the Study

The adoption of mobile banking has revolutionized the banking industry by enhancing accessibility, convenience, and service efficiency. In Nigeria, mobile banking has gained significant traction due to increasing smartphone penetration and the need for banks to provide services to a larger, more geographically dispersed customer base (Oluwatoyin & Ayodeji, 2023). Access Bank, one of Nigeria’s leading banks, has embraced mobile banking to meet the ev...

Background of the Study

Capital budgeting is a critical process in business decision-making, particularly in capital-intensive industries such as cement production. It involves evaluating and selecting long-term investments that are expected to yield the best return relative to their costs. Techniques such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period, and Profitability Index (PI) are commonly used to assess the potential financial returns from various in...