PHYSICS TOPICS

Earthquakes

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The energy released during an earthquake could be in the form of elastic strain energy, gravitational potential energy or chemical energy. Of all these, the release of elastic strain is the most important cause, because this form of energy is the only kind that can be stored in sufficient quantity in the Earth to produce major disturbances. Eart...

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Radiation exposure during diagnostic X-ray examinations has been widely reported as one of the sources of cancer induction. Information on X-ray machine and exposure parameters are crucial to risk assessment, which in turn are important for optimization of radiation protection measures. The documentation of radiation risk in Nigeria is sparse and hence the effectiveness of radiation protection measures at diagnostic centres has not been well established. This work was aimed...

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Temperature of aluminium alloy is simulated using MATLAB programming language for annealing, soaking to have uniformity of microstructure and quenching treatment processes. Workpiece selected for the study was aluminum alloy 6061-O, T1, T4 and T6 of different shapes: plate, cylindrical, rectangular, cubic and spherical aluminum alloy. The simulation identified the following properties: geometry (size), thermal conductivity, density, load pattern or shape which determine pos...

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Water vapour is a very dynamic component of the atmosphere. It greatly influences the atmospheric stabilization mechanism. Hence, it is very difficult to measure or model using classical meteorological systems or models. Tropical atmosphere holds the largest amount of water vapour, thus its characteristics of high climate uncertainty. Interestingly, geodesists have devised methods for estimating the extent to which signals propagated from GNSS satellites to ground‐based GNS...

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Low power conversion efficiency resulting from recombination of photogenerated charges in TiO2 based photovoltaic devices has caused serious challenges in photoelectrode efficiency of such devices. Hence the need to replace TiO2 with ZnO and the composite of Zinc Oxide and Carbon Nanotube (ZnO/CNT) at optimised ratio to minimise the loss of photogenerated electrons during the photovoltaic activity is important. Hydrothermal synthesis was used to synthesis nanostructured ZnO...

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The discharge of dyeing wastewater containing high concentration of contaminants from the local dyeing industry has caused a serious environmental concern. The present study reports the synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride and itsutilization in degradation of dyeing effluent pollutants under solar irradiation. The synthesized g-C3N4 was modified using the aqueous leaves extract of AzadiratchaIndica (Neem plant): a clean, non-hazardous and environmentally friendly procedure...

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The use of medicinal plants to prevent or cure common diseases in Nigeria has increased over the years. These plants can be a source of internal radiological contamination if their radionuclide contents are high. This research investigates the activity concentration of three naturally occurring radionuclides - 238U, 232Th and 40K in the soil and edible parts of four common medicinal plants in Nigeria. Also the soil-to-plant transfer factors of the radionuclides were investi...

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The effect of rainfall in our society today is stupendous. Rainfall is seen as a benefit to crops and lives. Accurate and timely rainfall prediction can be very helpful for effective security measures for planning water resources management, transportation activities, agricultural tasks, managing flights operations, issuance of flood warning and flood situation. This study aims to predict the rainfall of Minna metropolis. Atmospheric data comprising those of maximum tempera...

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Radiological contaminations of the human environment due to anthropogenic activities have been associated with significant human health challenges. Forty surface soil samples collected at random from Gababiyu artisanal gold mining site in Minna were assessed for their radiological contents using gamma spectrometric technique which employs NaI (Tl) detector. Radiological hazard parameters were also computed from the measured activity concentrations in order to assess the lev...

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One way to investigate the physics of a medium is to study the forces on intruders moving through the media. A special case of intruders moving in media is the locomotion of organisms. Locomotion within fluids (flying in air and swimming in water) has been extensively studied and the complexity of interaction between intruders and fluids is well recognized. Locomotion within yielding substrates like sand, soil and debris that display both solid and fluid-like behavior has...

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The study focuses on both quantitative and qualitative analysis of high resolution aeromagnetic data for the estimation of geothermal potential in parts of Central Nigeria Basement Complex and correlating the results from the analysis of radioactive concentration data of the study area. The study area covers a total of 6050 km2 . Two aeromagnetic sheets were used to cover the major towns; Kaguru and Geshere. The study areas are bounded by latitude 100 00' N to 100 30...

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Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), using Schlumberger array was carried out to investigate the subsurface layer parameters of a 500 x 500 m land area located between latitude 09o 32′21.4′′ N to 09o 32′37.8′′ N and longitude 06o 27′29.2′′ E to 06o 27′45.5′′ E at the northern part of Gidan Kwano Campus, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State. A total of 36 VES points at 100 m interval were...

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Ground magnetic and geoelectrical resistivity methods were used to prospect for gold mineralisation within Tsoho-Gurusu area of Minna, Niger state. The study area is bounded with latitudes 09o ׳37 13״N to 09o ׳37 28.6״ N and longitudes 006o ׳36 29.4״ E to 006 o ׳36 13.1״E, with a total area of 250,000 m2 . Magnetic was collected using Geometric 857AX proton precession magnetometer. Prior to the geophysical survey, geological mapping was conducted to map out the surface stru...

ABSTRACT

Ground magnetic and geoelectrical resistivity methods were used to prospect for gold mineralisation within Tsoho-Gurusu area of Minna, Niger state. The study area is bounded with latitudes 09o ׳37 13״N to 09o ׳37 28.6״ N and longitudes 006o ׳36 29.4״ E to 006 o ׳36 13.1״E, with a total area of 250,000 m2 . Magnetic was collected using Geometric 857AX proton precession magnetometer. Prior to the geophysical survey, geological mapping was conducted to map out the surface stru...

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To accurately explore and develop prospective mineral deposits, systematic geophysical approaches becomes a useful tool to establish areas of economically viable zones for exploration activities. This study integrates very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and vertical electrical sounding (VES) methods of geophysical investigation to probe the subsurface in terms of its electrical conductivity characteristic to identify mineralised zones that could serve as possible ho...

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Minerals serve a very important economic commodity to the growth and development of any nation, state or community. In an attempt to delineate potential zones for gold mineralisation, a geophysical investigation was carried out around Shakwatu area of Niger State, Nigeria. Mineral potential (especially gold) is evident by the extensive artisanal mining activities in the area. The Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic-VLF EM and electrical resistivity method was employed in the...

ABSTRACT This study present the results of the analysis and interpretation of aeromagnetic data over part of Adamawa trough with the aim of investigating the hydrocarbon potential of the study area. The study area covers an area of 12,000 km2 located between latitude 8.50oN and 9.50oN and longitudes 11.50oE and 12. 50oE. This study adopted both qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to delineate the deep seated anomalies and estimate the sedimentary thickness for hydrocarbon maturatio...

Abstract

A geoelectric survey was carried out in Badeggi under Katcha Local Government area of Niger State with the aim of evaluating the aquifer protective capacity and soil corrosivity of the overburden units in the study area using vertical electrical sounding method. G41 Resistivity meter was employed to obtain forty VES points within ten profiles, with the interval of 50 m between the profiles.The Schlumberger electrode array was employed to obtain the data which was further mo...

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The risk of occurrence of cancer in developed and developing nations has become a major concern in the scientific and medical circle. Cancer induction is therefore one of the risk to guard against during medical X-ray exposure. Constant assessment of radiological procedure are thereby crucial in ensuring radiation doses to patients are as low as reasonably achievable. The aim of this study is to determine the patient radiation dose during some X-ray diagnostic procedure in...

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Mining of tin and other related activities have been active and thus leading to economic growth in the Jos area of Nigeria for more than a century. However, mining of minerals has been confirmed to enhance the concentrations of heavy metals and natural radioisotopes in the soil, air and water bodies in the environment. In an attempt to evaluate the radiological impact of NORM and heavy metals (HM) burdens resulting from tin mining activities at Rayfield-Du area of Jos. Spec...

ABSTRACT

Mining of tin and other related activities have been active and thus leading to economic growth in the Jos area of Nigeria for more than a century. However, mining of minerals has been confirmed to enhance the concentrations of heavy metals and natural radioisotopes in the soil, air and water bodies in the environment. In an attempt to evaluate the radiological impact of NORM and heavy metals (HM) burdens resulting from tin mining activities at Rayfield-Du area of Jos. Spec...

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Atmospheric researchers, meteorologists, and farmers continue to face difficulties in assessing real-time weather data. This project created a solar-powered Arduino microcontroller-based weather station that uses meteorological sensors to measure atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and wind direction. The temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind direction, and wind speed monitoring elements are all part of the weather station....

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There is a need for accurate knowledge of the performance, degradation rate, and lifespan of the photovoltaic (PV) module in every location for an effective solar PV power system. Outdoor degradation analysis was carried out on a mono-crystalline PV module rated 10 W using the CR1000 software-based Data Acquisition System (DAS). The PV module under test and meteorological Sensors were installed on a metal support structure on the same test plane. The data obtained was monit...

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There is need for accurate knowledge of performance, degradation rate and lifespan of photovoltaic (PV) module in every location for an effective solar PV power system. Outdoor degradation analysis was carried out on amorphous silicon PV module rated 10 W using CR1000 software-based Data Acquisition System (DAS). The PV module under test and meteorological Sensors were installed on a metal support structure at the same test plane. The data monitoring was from 09:00 to 18:00...

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A geoelectric survey of groundwater potential was carried out in the male hostel at Isa Kaita College of Education Dutsinma, Katsina State Nigeria using ABEM SAS 300 Terrameter. The Wenner and Schlumberger electrodes configurations were used for data acquisition. In the process, four Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were conducted at stations 01, 02, 03, and 04 covering the area. This was done in order to determine: the variation in resistivity of the topsoil of the area...

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This study was undertaken to assay the elemental concentration in some Irish potatoes and soils from farmlands in an ex-mining area at Dahwol-vwana village, Jos-south L.G.A, Plateau state, Nigeria. The total heavy metal concentrations (for Irish potato and soil samples) were obtained using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. It was observed from the soil sample concentration values gotten at the end of the AAS analysis (Pb, ranges from 0.0445-3.9343ppm; Cd, from 0.0086- 0.1200p...

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This work on ”Possible effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF), Radio Frequency Fields (RF) and Microwave Radiation on human health”, with respect to whether or not exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) is a cause of disease or other health effects. The conclusion is primarily based on scientific articles, published in English language peer-reviewed scientific journals. Only studies that are considered relevant for the task are cited and comm...

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The phenomenology of jet in astrophysics was studied. Analytical methods were used to obtain an equation for describing jet motion. From the analysis, we understood that βT  > 1, where βT is the apparent jet velocity along the observers line of sight. The observed motions of the components show curvatures and changes in velocity. Curved trajectories are due to observed perpendicular acceleration, while variations in veloci...

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Distance measurement plays a vital role in engineering, science and business. The distance is always measured between two points. Generally distance measurement is possible only by making contact with the target whose distance is to be measured, but this project discusses the measurement of distance by digital measuring instrument. This is done by providing a circular object (wheel) of about one meter in circumference. Here...

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There is a general believe today that the increased emission of green house gases especially carbon dioxides (CO2) which is believed to have increased by about 30% since the Industrial Revolution, are responsible for the overall warming of our planet. The emission of CO2 is attributed to the high rate of energy consumption from burning of fossil fuel such as coal, oil and gases by the major industrialize...