BIO-CHEMISTRY TOPICS

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the lipid-modulating effects of extracts from different parts of the African mesquite tree (Prosopis africana) in a rat model. The experiment employed a randomized controlled trial design with four groups: a control group and groups receiving extracts from leaves, bark, and pods of the mesquite tree. Baseline characteristics including body weight, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL levels were similar acr...

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the chronic toxicity of African Mesquite tree (Prosopis africana) extracts in Wistar rats, focusing on biochemical, hematological, and histopathological effects. The extracts were administered at doses of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg over a 90-day period. Biochemical analyses indicated significant dose-dependent increases in liver function markers (ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin) and kidney function markers (ure...

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

The hippocampus, a region situated within the medial temporal lobe of the brain, plays a critical role in various cognitive functions, including memory formation and spatial navigation. Given its sensitivity to various environmental factors and stressors, the h...

ABSTRACT

In spite of the varying levels of contamination widely reported, sachet water is still well accepted. This study therefore assessed social perception of people on the most popular sachet water brands, conducted sensory evaluation, quality certification and packaging and storage quality evaluation of sachet water samples. It also assessed the Physico-chemical and coliforms count of popular brands using standard laboratory procedures. For the study, two study...

Background of the study

The effect of ionizing radiation on biological systems has been a subject of extensive research, particularly concerning its implications on various organs within the body. Among these organs, the kidney holds significant importance due to its role in maintaining homeostasis, regulating blood pressure, and filtering metabolic waste from the bloodstream. This comprehensive introduction delves into the intricate relationship be...

Background of study

Obesity, has been a pre-existing problem afore time but has been recognized as a global pandemic since the 21st century (Natalia, et al., 2021). Aronne, 2002 defines obesity as the anomalous, irregular or disproportionate gain of weight as a result of fat buildup in the body which adversely leads to the risk of several health related problems such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain cancer types amongst others (Aronne, 2002; Nata...

ABSTRACT

The consumption of ready-to-eat (RTE) game meat and fresh produce has increased and it serves as a very important part of human diet. Foodborne diseases linked to contaminated RTE game meat and fresh produce is a public health concern. This study investigated the pathogenic E. coli in these RTE foods sold in various cities in south western, Nigeria. The identification of E. coli were performed using sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC) and molecular characterization of virulence...

ABSTRACT

Blood coagulation is a process describing conversion of soluble materials within the blood into an insoluble gel that plugs injury/break site within blood vessels; this process requires regulation. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, defectiveness of insulin hormone has been found to have an increased risk of coagulation and can lead to cardiovascular disorders. Malaria is a disease caused by plasmodium parasite, when the parasite enter...

ABSTRACT

Blood clotting is a complex sequence of processes involving multiple proteins (factors) that must operate in a specific order to create a clot. The procedure is rapid and effective, but it must be monitored because uncontrolled clotting can lead to thrombosis. A shift in the balance of blood coagulation and coagulation inhibition, favoring either pro- or anticoagulation, can result in life-threatening thromboembolism or bleeding. This study evaluated the effect of ethanol P...

Statement of Problem 

In the past 25 years, Gbako drainage basin has experienced an increase in groundwater exploitation by the rural population (Amadi et al., 2010). The fast growing population in the parts of the basin is connected to the high potential for agricultural production in the area which causes a serious water and population imbalance, compounding the problem of falling groundwater levels. The rapidly diminishing and poor quality surface water resource have forced...

ABSTRACT

The concern in environmental waste management and toxicity of petroleum derived plastics has led to the search for renewable, nontoxic and biodegradable materials for packaging. Starch is the most studied and promising biopolymer for the production of biodegradable films, but this starch films have poor properties which can be improved by blending with other materials and plasticizers. Borassus aethiopum shoot starch locally known as “Muruci” is a promising film...

ABSTRACT

Biosurfactant-mediated degradation of contaminants is practical and safe environmental remediation agent. In addition, iron oxide nanoparticles and biochar are bioremediation agents with great potentials due to their strong adsorption capacity, microbial growth enhancement and chemical inertness. Therefore, a combination of biosufactant, iron oxide nanoparticles and biochar could produce a very desirable and efficient alternative to conventional environmental treatment of c...

ABSTRACT

Ureases are a group of enzymes that hydrolyse urea producing carbon dioxide and ammonia. Urease producing bacteria have shown their importance in microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation in the construction industry. This study focused on the characterization of bacterial isolates from cement for concrete enhancement. Two (2) bacterial isolates assigned codes CA (B) and CA (F) were isolated from cement samples using enrichment culture technique. The isolates were...

ABSTRACT

Two (2) bacterial isolates obtained from Garima construction sites were named GARIMA (A) and (B), and code-named GA (A) and GA (B) respectively. They were screened for their carbonic anhydrase (CA) producing ability. Isolates GA (A) and GA (B) showed positive reaction to para-nitrophenylacetate (pNPA), producing yellow and peach/orange coloured colonies respectively. The isolates were used to produce the crude CA and the mean enzyme activity with standard error of mean for...

ABSTRACT

This study was on oxidative stress status of rat fed with Pentraclethra macrophylla, otherwise known as African oil bean seed oil in English or Ugba in Igbo. Sixteen male rats were distributed into four groups. 1 (control), then group 2, 3, and 4 as test groups. They were fed with their formulated meal (5%, 10%, 20% inclussions) for 28 days. Group 1 was the control and were fed with the normal feed, while group 2, 3 and 4 which were the test groups were fed with test feed f...

ABSTRACT

Cola nitida has been in use in the eastern parts of Nigeria for the management of certain ailments and as an aphrodisiac in the management of some sexual dysfunctions. However the effects of this extract in some health parameters in human objects have not been reported. This work, then, was aimed at investigating the effect of water extracts of kola pods on lipoprotein concentrations on albino wistar rats. Rats were used in this study and they were divided into several grou...

ABSRACT

This work was carried out to investigate the effects of pterocarpus mildbreadii seed on the HDL- level of albino rats.High density lipoprotein(HDL) is a fraction of cholesterol,which helps to transport cholesterol from peripheral of cell to the liver.High density lipoprotein is carried out to investigate cardio vascular diseases.Fresh oha seed (pterocarpus mildbreadii seed) was collected from Amokwe in udi local government Area Enugu state. They were dried at room temperatur...

Abstract

Present investigations were carried out on the effect of ethanol extract of Desmodium velutinum stem on some liver enzymes of albino wistar rats fed with 8 high fat from cow‟s brain. Twelve healthy albino wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group I rats were fed with balanced diet (normal feed, that is grower‟s mash) and tap water. Group II rats were fed with fat diet (cow‟s brain) (3.6g/day) alone. Group III rats received combined mixture of 70% fat diet (cow‟s brai...

ABSTRACT

Crateva adansonii is a medicinal herb commonly used in parts of Africa because of the side effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID), like heart diseases and kidney failure. Inflammation is a major public heart issue in the world but treatment is becoming complex because of the side effects of antiinflammatory pharmaceutical drugs. Hence the need for alternative drug is highly required. This research work investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of dichlor...

ABSTRACT

Kola bark extract have been widely used in tradition medicine for thousand of year, it improves liver functions and provides protection against high fat fed metabolic rats. Present investigations were carried out on the hepatoprotective role of Kola bark extract meal treatment to high fat fed wistar rat. Healthy adult male wistar rats were divided into four groups Group I: rats were fed a standard Laboratory diet (groups match) (20g/rat/day), Group II: rats were fed a high-...

ABSTRACT

This work was carried out to investigate the effects of Burantashi extract on liver enzymes of albino male and female whistar rats. Burantashi is a popular seasoning agent to barbecued meat (suya) in Nigeria,mostly found in the northern part of the Nigeria. Liver Enzymes are those enzymes that plays important role in the liver both in function and regulation. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the consistent or recurrent inability of a man to attain or maintain penile...

ABSTRACT

This work was carried out to investigate the effects of Burrantashi extracts on the lipoproteins Burantashi is a popular seasoning agent to barbecued meat (Suya) in Nigeria. Found in the northern parts of the country. Lipoproteins are the principal steroid or fat that is synthesized in the liver or intestines of animals. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the consistent or recurrent inability of a man to attain or maintain penile erection, sufficient for sexual activit...

ABSTRACT

 78 This research investigated the phytochemical and anti-inflammatory properties of methanol extract of Crateva adansonii stem bark. Although several edible and non-edible plants parts are used in inflammatory treatment, many record has been found of the use of Crateva adansonii stem bark. For this research, fresh stem bark of Crateva adansonii were collected from Asata village in Enugu State. The cuttings were authenticated at the Bioresource development centre. They...

ABSTRACT

Inflammation is a complex biological response of vascular tissue to harmful stimuli such as pathogen, damage cells or irritants. The urgency generated by in increased rate of stroke, atheroselerosis attributed to prolong use of cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 inhibitors have acceralated anti-inflammatory drug research over the last decade while synthetic pharmaceutical agents continued to dominate research, attention increasingly has been directed to natural products. These are ofte...

ABSTRACT

Three multimix complementary diets were prepared from local foodstuffs i.e. maize (Zea mays), acha grain (Digitaria exilis) rice (Sativa oryza), sorghum (Sorgum bicolar), millet (Pennisatum typhoides), groundnut (Arachis hypogea), bambaranut (V-oadzeia subterranea), sesame (Sesamun indicum), carrots (Daucas carota), crayfish (Macrobrachuim Sp), garden egg (Solanum incanum), palm oil (Elaeis guinensis) and table salt (NaCl). The formulated diets were subjected to biochemical...

ABSTRACT

Elemental analysis is the qualitative detection and quantitative determination of chemical elements(atoms,ions)in a sample(Fritz Pregl 1923). To detect an ix element, one should fix an appearance of an analytical signal. The formation of precipitate or characteristic crystals, colour change, an isolation of gaseous products, an appearance of a definite lines in spectrum, luminescence, etc. To determine elements quantity, it is necessary to measure a value of an analytical s...

ABSTRACT

This research investigated how the sweetness of sugar substitute compares to the sweetness of sugar. In this research different percentage solution of sugar, artificial sweetener and natural sweetener (10%, 1%, 0.1% and 0.01%) were prepared. Ten volunteers were gathered for the sensory evaluation in this case tasting of the solution, the volunteer‟s taste threshold of data was gotten. The artificial sweetener was found out to be the sweetest among the substances experimente...

ABTRACT

This study evaluates the cardio protactive effect of N-hexane extract of Desmodium Velutinum stem on albino wister rat. Rats used in this study were grouped into four and each group was fed differentely. Rats in group one, three, and four wre fed with the aid of a syringe without needle with 6ml of the lipoprotein food mixture containing 3.6g of the cow’s brain twice a day for seven days. Rats on group two was fed with only grower’s mash and water for seven days;...

ABSTRACT

A total of 1,075 fasting Human Serum and early morning urine samples were assayed for various biochemical parameters. The parameters include: Blood lipids, Total Cholesterol, High Density lipoproteins, Low Density lipoproteins, Vitamin A, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, Urinary glucose, Protein and Blood. From the results obtained, the calculated phospholipids:cholesterol ratio was less than 1 amongst the hypertensives. This confirmed the work of Stroev and Makaro...

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the antilipidemic activity of water extracts from leaves of Desmodium velutinum on albino wistar rats. The phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, soluble carbohydrates, flavonoids, reducing sugar, steroids, cyanide and terpenoids. The animals were treated with known drugs (atorvastatin 2ml). There were significantly reductions in HDL 13.00 1.41 mg/dl LDL 1.20 0.14 mg/dl and triglyceride 39.00 0.14...

ABSTRACT

One hundred and six faecal samples were analyzed to detect the sporadic involvement of E. coli O157:H7, other Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli and common bacterial pathogens in enteric infections within the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Enrichment culture in modified peptone water followed by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) with magnetic beads coated with an antibody against Escherichia coli O157 was used in addition to Direct culture on Sorbitol MacConkey agar and Cefixime-T...

ABSTRACT

Musculoskeletal injuries ( MSIs ) account for approximately 25% of patients‟ complaints in the primary health care settings and are a leading cause of work absenteeism world-wide. Physical treatments like phonophoresis ( PH ) and cryotherapy ( CRYO ) are being used to reduce pain, control swelling and improve function. The recognition of the importance of pain control in the recovery from MSIs has prompted clinicians to continue to explore more aggressive pain management st...

ABSTRACT

The process for the development of a reliable and ecofriendly metallic nanoparticle (NP) is an important step in biomedical application of nano technology. Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnONps) and silver nanoparticle (AgNps) is gaining attention in nanobiomedical due to their biocompatibility and antimicrobial activities. Therefore this study is aimed at evaluating the ecological synthesis of zinc oxide, silver doped silver and zinc oxide nanoparticle plus their antimicrobial p...

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Recent studies showed that the smoke generated form burning mosquitoes coil is of certain health concerns. A person being exposed to the smoke coming from the coil may suffer severe headache, nausea and vomiting, the condition will be severe among asthmatic patients. The emission from one burning coil can be as high as that released fro...

ABSTRACT

Online examination systems are being used by an ever-increasing number of institutions to help reduce time deficiency, cost, exam malpractices such as impersonation and other unethical exam-related exercises that take place in most independent and national examinations. In this study, an explanation of how online examination systems are related to some traditional or manual based analysis, and techniques are presented and how online examina...

STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

There has been several analytical works on biodiesel production using base catalyzed mechanism (usually sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) or acid catalyzed mechanism (usually concentrated sulfuric acid). However, this research work is centered on the use of acid catalyst (concentrated sulphuric acid) to achieve the same result (biodiesel production). Therefore, this project seeks to establish an alternative suitable route to whic...

ABSTRACT

In spite of the varying levels of contamination widely reported, sachet water is still well accepted. This study therefore assessed social perception of people on the most popular sachet water brands, conducted sensory evaluation, quality certification and packaging and storage quality evaluation of sachet water samples. It also assessed the Physico-chemical and coliforms count of popular brands using standard laboratory procedures. For the study, two s...