PUBLIC HEALTH TOPICS

ABSTRACT

This study examines the influence of N.T.A Enugu in improving rural health care services in Ugwuaji community in carrying out this research both primary and secondary data were used and the researcher made use of sample size of 360 respondents across the local government area. Descriptive statistics were used and the findings showed that N.T.A play notable roles in improving rural health care services by informing the government on the poor...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on the effect of home delivery on maternal and child health outcome among women of child bearing age in Owo, Ondo State. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of women of child bearing age in Owo, Ondo State. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 70 respondents and all validated. Sel...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to assess the effect of barrenness and it’s implications on marital problem among woman attending gynecological clinic at specialist hospital Bauchi. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of women attending gynecological clinic at specialist hospital Bauchi. In determining the sample size, t...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on the effect of adolescents’ perception and awareness of HIV/AIDS on sexual behaviour using some selected senior secondary schools in Surulere local government area of Lagos State as a case study. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of students and teachers of the selected secondary schools in S...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on drugs and alcoholism among cab riders in FCT Abuja, using NUTRW branch of Apo legislative quarters as a case study. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprised of cab riders and administrative officers in NUTRW branch of Apo legislative quarters. In determining the sample size, the researcher purposefully selec...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine the attitude of illiterate women towards family planning in Kwande Local Government Area of Benue State. Specifically, the study  Determine the attitude of illiterate women towards family planning in Shangev-Ya district in Kwande local government area. The study employed the survey descriptive research design. A total of 77 responses were validated from the survey. The study adopted the theory of reasoned action an...

DIABETES: A LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH IN NIGERIA, HOW HEALTH WORKER THROUGH EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION COULD INCREASE DIABETES AWARENESS AMONG NIGERIANS

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine diabetes: a leading causes of death in Nigeria, how he...

Background Of The Study

Health services are deemed unsatisfactory and inadequate in addressing the public's requirements and demands, as evidenced by the population's poor health (FMOH, 2022). It is plausible to assert that some of the fatalities and major diseases that occur among Nigerians are attributable to situations for which easy solutions exist. Lack of prompt and effective care frequently heightens the risk of significant consequenc...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Obesity, a global health concern, is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 kilograms per square meter (kg/m2). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2014, 1.9 billion adults were overweight (i.e., had a BMI of 25–30 kg/m2) while 600 million were obese (i.e., had a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more). In addition, about 41 million children under age 5 years were considered overweight o...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

When it comes to preserving people's health, sanitation refers to both the policy and the practice of using sanitary practices. The World Health Organization (WHO), in their publication from 2014, defines sanitation as "the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and feces." It has come to everyone's attention that enhancing sanitation is recognized to have a significant inf...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Local governments have the health to be an effective instrument for rural change and the delivery of social services, such as the delivery of medical care. This is due to the proximity of local governments to the general populace as well as the relative ease with which the general populace may connect with the local authority. The presence of a system of local councils that are democratically elected is guaranteed by the cons...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Primary health care is often regarded as the most cost-effective method for providing essential health services, such as maternity and infant mortality reduction (Olusegun 2019). According to Hamilton (2018), primary health care "addresses the community's fundamental health concerns by providing promotive, preventative, curative, and rehabilitative treatments; it depends on health professionals, including doctors, nu...

Background of the study

Health, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is not only the absence of disease or the capability to carry out daily tasks without difficulty but rather a condition that encompasses one's whole mental, emotional, and social well-being. In recent years, this vocabulary has evolved to include a broader range of capabilities, including the capacity to successfully navigate one's social and economic environm...

Background Of The Study

Reproduction is known as an essential human desire so that infertility may cause a great deal of psychosocial impairment [Khodakarami, and Hashemi, 2009]. According to WHO, infertility is defined as a disease of the reproductive system in which pregnancy does not occur after 1 year of continued intercourse [Masearenhas, and Flaxma, 2012]. Infertility is considered as a global concern which affects many aspects of life in both...

Background Of The Study

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder that is not only assuming pandemic proportions worldwide but also poised to affect the developing countries of the world much more than their developed counterparts. The world prevalence is estimated to increase from 425 million people in 2017 to 629 million by 2045[1], and in Africa, the number of people with diabetes will increase from 14.2 million in 2015 to 34.2 million in 2040...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The Covid-19 pandemic, which had a catastrophic effect on a worldwide scale, prompted the necessity for pandemic control techniques that included mitigation strategies. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the illness known as the Corona virus illness (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19). The SARS-CoV-2 virus was discovered for the first time in late 2019 in Wuhan, which is located in...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Immunization is a process in which a person is protected against or made resistant to an infectious disease, and it often involves the injection of a vaccine. This protection or resistance is delivered to the individual. Vaccines work by revving up the immune system of the body, which then helps to protect the individual from any illnesses or diseases that may follow. One of the most successful and cost-effective public healt...

Background of the Study

Family planning among couples is a topic that is rarely talked about as the practice is less likely to be supported by the male counterpart. Family planning practices help individuals or couples to avoid unwanted pregnancies, regulate the intervals between pregnancies, control the time of birth in relation to the age of the parents and determine the number of children in the family (Reshma 2015). Though contraceptive use has...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In Nigeria, epidemiological reporting to the country's health authorities is being done on a weekly basis for a number of different diseases, including lassa fever. Over the years, reports indicated that the epidemiological pattern was shifting quite quickly (Ogbu, Ajuluchukwu and Uneke, 2007). Mortality and morbidity are both caused by it in areas where outbreaks occur, which includes Nigeria, the country in which it was...

Background to the Study

Students have a unique challenge when it comes to maintaining good personal hygiene due to the fact that they spend the majority of their time in close quarters with other people at institutions of higher education such as schools, colleges, and universities. The transmission of infections to students can increase the likelihood that those students will skip school, which can then have a negative impact on their ability to pe...

Background to the study

Etymologically, Coronavirus (COVID-19) are positive-sense, single stranded RNA viruses and its diameters is 60 nm to140 nm with spike like projection on it’s around which giving it a crown like appearance. Their viral is RNA genomic and their ranges from 26 to 32 kilobases in length. COVID-19 belongs to the Nidovirales order which includes Roniviridae, Arteriviridae, and Coronaviridae families. The Coronviridae family i...

BACKGROUND OF TJHE STUDY

Malaria is a potentially fatal parasite illness spread by female Anopheles mosquitos. Malaria is responsible for approximately 60% of out-patient visits to health institutions in Nigeria, 30% of paediatric fatalities, 25% of deaths in infants under one year old, and 11% of maternal mortality (National Population Commission, 2008; Noland et al., 2016). Similarly, Okonofua (2017) opined that malaria affects around 70...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Any circumstance, whether it be physical or mental, that poses a stress to the body's ability to keep its homeostasis in a stable state is said to be stressful (Martini, Ober, Nath, Bartholomew & Petti, 2015). When defining stress, the biopsychosocial model distinguishes between three distinct aspects: the external element, the internal element, and the interaction between these two variables. These elements are as follows: The exteri...

Background to the Study

The eradication of polio has been hailed as one of the 20th century's greatest successes in primary health care and is universally regarded as a beneficial and cost-effective public health policy (CDC, 2022). Vaccination against polio and other communicable disease is believed to prevent more than three million cases of polio-related infant mortality annually (WHO, 2022; Bosch-Capblanch, Banerjee & Burton, 2022)....

Background Of The Study

In the child of bringing new life into the world, childbearing is one of the perilous activities that women participate in. It is often accompanied with complications that may result in morbidity, disability, and death. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than half a million women die annually as a result of reproduction, with 99 percent of these fatalities occurring in underdeveloped nations. Sub-Saharan...

​​​​​​​BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Mental health and behavioural disorders constitute about 12% of the global burden of diseases (World Health Organization (WHO), 2001) and over 450 million people suffer from mental and behavioural disorders worldwide (Gureje, 2005; WHO, 2001). About 2%–3% of the Nigerian population suffer severe mental illness that is commonly stigmatized (Omigbodun, 2001).

Stigma associated with mental illness cuts acr...

Background of the study

In recent years, the proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICT) has spread its tentacles into almost every sector of society, one of which is the medical sector. In recent years, information and communication technology (ICT) has seen broad adoption and use, which has caused it to penetrate almost every element of human and organizational life, including the healthcare business (Powell, Darvell, & G...

​​​​​​​BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Malaria is a potentially fatal disease that is spread from person to person by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito, as stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) (2019). Malaria is caused by parasites that are passed on to humans via the bites of infected female mosquitoes. According to the World Malaria Report 2018, fifteen countries in sub-Saharan Africa and India were responsible for almost 80% of t...

​​​​​​​Background of the study

In modern medicine, the use of X-rays in imaging modalities such as Computed Tomography (CT scans) and mammography to diagnose injury and illness is on the rise. The biological effects of ionizing radiations are of concern in this case, as evidence suggests that medical applications of radiations are harmful (Craig 2016). Patients and the community, according to neuroradiologist Mark Pfleger (http://healthyoutlook.dephealth.com, 2...

​​​​​​​BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The ever-increasing focus on enhancing women's reproductive health on a worldwide scale has resulted in an increased need for research, particularly in the field of maternal health. Since the late 1980s, the issue of maternal health, which is defined as the physical well-being of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. According to Audu, Tukai,& Bukar (2017), opined that mortalit...

INTRODUCTION

UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) is a prevalent health issue among pregnant women (Saidi et al ,2015). Due to a variety of causes including as ureteral dilatation, increased bladder volume, and reduced bladder tone, this normally begins in week 6 and peaks between weeks 22 and 24 of pregnancy. In addition to reduced ureteral tone, which leads to urine stasis and ureterovesical reflux (chaliha et al, 2002). Glyucosuria affects up to 70% of pregnant women, a...

Background Of Study

Since 1981, when the Nigerian Medical Association conducted a meeting in Calabar and Dr. E.M Umez Sroums gave aa presentation on "National health insurance" A realistic approach to health care finance in a developing country, the Nigerian government has had a national health insurance programme. According to what he said, there has been an increasing demand for a national health insurance programme in Nigeria. This iss...

Background of the study

The Malaria remains one of the most serious global health problems. There are an estimated one million deaths each year, with nearly seventy five percent (75%) occurring in children living in sub-Saharan Africa. The history of malaria stretches from its prehistoric origin as a zoometric disease in the primates of Akwa-ibom through to the twenty first (21st) Century. The name malaria was derived from two Latin words “mal” &ldq...

INTRODUCTION

Dettol is the trade name for a line of hygiene products manufactured by Reckitt Benckiser. It has been in use since before the 1980s (Devane, Nicol, Ball, et al 2021). Antiseptics anti, “against” “putrefactive are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction (European Food Safety Authority 2022). Antiseptics are generally distinguished fr...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Akerman (2001) defines personal hygiene as "practices that an individual engages in to maintain their body health and well-being via cleanliness." While many people equate hygiene with "cleanliness," hygiene is a wide concept that incorporates personal behaviors such as how regularly one should bathe, wash their hands, trim their fingernails, and change their wardrobe. Includes maintaining a pathogen-free...

Background of the Study

Hand washing is one of the most important aspects of preventing diseases in our country Nigeria; thousands of lives have been lost as a result of diseases caused by in adequate washing of hands. Hand washing or hygiene is the act of cleaning hand with the use of water and soap or other liquid for the purpose of removing soil, dust and or micro-organisms (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention) (CDC) (2013).

CDC (...

ABSTRACT

People in poor countries tend to have less access to health services than those in better-off countries, and within countries, the poor have less access to health services. This study documents disparities in access to health services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), using a framework incorporating quality, geographic accessibility, availability, financial accessibility, and acceptability of services. Whereas the poor in LM...

ABSTRACT

The maternal mortality ratio and other maternal health indicators are worse for developing countries than for the developed world due to improved access to quality care during pregnancy and especially at delivery in the industrialized world. This study was carried out to identify the factors which influenced choice of place of delivery by pregnant women in Enugu, southeastern Nigeria, and to recommend ways to improve women’s access to...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on the factors affecting utilization of health care services using Guma Local Government Area of Benue State as case study. To achieve this 3 research questions were formulated.  The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of all the residents in Guma Local Government Area of Benue State. In determining the sample size,...

ABSTRACT

This study examined the factors affecting the implementation of immunization. This study investigated the factors affecting the implementation of immunization in Jere Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. It was  carried out in the four regions (north, south, east and west) of the local government area. The study employed a cross-sectional study and a semi- structured interview administered questionnaire to obtain the data. Th...

ABSTRACT

The empowerment and autonomy of women to enable them to take active part in their child-bearing decisions, decide as to when to marry and give birth and either to space or limit their births have been given much prominence at major international and national seminars and conferences on population, women and Development over the years. This study this assess the child bearing decisions made by women in Nsit Ibom Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. &nbs...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine examine the exclusive breastfeeding and prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV among pregnant women, using Lagos State College of Health Technology, Lagos state as case study. Specifically, the study aimed at evaluating the extent exclusive breastfeeding is in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection as compared to exclusive formula feeding and/ or mixed fee...

ABSTRACT

In most communities, the first level of healthcare visit is usually the community pharmacies hence, has the chance to detect HIV for the provision of early intervention for HIV services. Consequently, if access to HIV care, treatment and prevention services is enhanced at the level of community pharmacies, the burden of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria will be reduced significantly. The study assessed the knowledge of community pharmacists regarding HIV...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to assess the covid-19 safety compliance level in healthcare sector using General Hospital, Offa, Kwara State as a case study. Specifically, the study was aimed at examining the different established covid-19 safety measures; investigate  the various  covid-19 safety measures healthcare sectors comply on; and determine the level of covid-19 safety compliance among health sectors. The study...

ABSTRACT

This study delves into the investigation of the covid-19 safety compliance level among Wuse Market Traders in Abuja.The survey research design was used for the study. Convenience sampling was used in the study as the researcher purposively selected one hundred and thirty-seven (137) traders in Wuse Market Abuja. Data was presented and analyzed using frequency and tables. Findings from the study reveals that wuse market was shut down because...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on cultural beliefs and gender dynamics of PMTCT services among pregnant women. To achieve this, three significant research objectives were formulated. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of married men and women in Agbogugu community, Enugu State. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Malaria is caused by four different protozoa in the plasmodium genus: either Plasmodium Vivax, which is more prevalent in low endemic areas, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malaria, and the Plasmodium falciparum, the most dangerous of the four. The Plasmodium falciparum has a life cycle in the mosquito vector and also in the human host. The anopheles gambiae mosquito is the vector responsible for the transmission of malaria. The prevalence of mal...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Movement is associated with the spread of disease in many ways. One way in which travel helps communicable diseases to spread is by the introduction of a new microorganism into a new geographic area (Whitty, Ansah 2019).

A novel pathogen entering a population with no previous experience of this microbe causes the most severe disease. Microbes that cause mostly asymptomatic and mild infections spread the infection widely and thus...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

As the world grapple with the emergence of the new COVID-19 variant, researchers have equally expressed serious concern about the impact of this new strain. Scientists working at the South African National Institute for Communicable Disease confirmed this new B.1.1.529 variant of SARS-CoV-2 to the World Health Organization, which WHO later named OMICRON and subsequently declared VARIANT OF CONCERN[7]. Omicron presents unique features such as a...

Background To the study

The vast majority of malaria deaths occur in Africa, south of the Sahara, where malaria also presents major obstacles to social and economic development. Malaria has been estimated to cost Africa more than US$ 12 billion every year in lost GDP, even though it could be controlled for a fraction of that sum.

There are at least 300 million acute cases of malaria each year globally resulting in more than a million death...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In affluent societies, obesity is the most common nutritional disorder. Obesity is a condition characterized by an abnormally excessive level of body fat (Edinburgh 1995). It is defined as abnormal adipose tissue growth caused by fat cell enlargement (hypertrophic obesity) or an increase in the number of fat cells (hyperplastic obesity) or a combination of the two (Park 2004). Excess fat accumulates as a result of an imbalanc...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

The study concludes that health education intervention has improved the knowledge of the mothers about the various malaria prevention strategies among the nursing mothers with non-significant change in attitude.

Caregivers acted promptly after the onset of fever. Among those that acted, only 48(32%) took an appropriate action, either tepid sponging the child or giving an analgesic. There was statistically significant relationship bet...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The goal of primary health care (PHC) was to provide accessible health for all by the year 2000 and beyond. Unfortunately, this is yet to be achieved in Nigeria and seems to be unrealistic in the next decade. The PHC aims at providing people of the world with the basic health services. Though PHC centers were established in both rural and urban areas in Nigeria with the intention of equity and easy access, regrettably, the ru...

Background to the Study

Water is an essential substance in human life as it is used for various purposes sucg as drunking washing cooking. Human noroviruses cause the most gastrointestinal illness in all regions of the world, with the vast majority thought to be acquired via person-to-person and then by food (Ahmed et al., 2014) given the predominance of genogroup II strains implicated. In waterborne cases, genogroup I is normally implicated (Mathew...

Malaria is an acute febrile illness caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are spread to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles Mosquito. Malaria has been the focus of multiple declarations, and a range of targets have been set since the beginning of the millennium this is because approximately half of the world population is at risk of malaria.(WHO, 2015). According to  Ukaegbu et al., (2014), Malaria is a life threaten...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In affluent societies, obesity is the most common nutritional disorder. Obesity is a condition characterized by an abnormally excessive level of body fat (Edinburgh 1995). It is defined as abnormal adipose tissue growth caused by fat cell enlargement (hypertrophic obesity) or an increase in the number of fat cells (hyperplastic obesity) or a combination of the two (Park 2004). Excess fat accumulates as a result of an imbalanc...

Background of the study

Anaemia describes a situation in which there is a reduction of haemoglobin concentration in the blood of pregnant women to a level below 11g/dl. Anaemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency diseases observed globally and affects more than a quarter of the world’s population (1). Globally, anaemia affects 1.62 billion people (25%), among which 56 million are pregnant women (4...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In December 2019, the global population will be awoken to an outbreak of a disease known as Coronavirus disease 2019. (abbreviated as COVID-19). The disease is an infectious disease caused by the coronavirus that causes extreme acute respiratory syndrome. The COVID-19 virus has spread to over 196 countries and territories on all seven continents. Since then, a concerted effort has been made to halt the spread of the virus, wh...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Family planning and contraception are among the major topics being debated throughout the world. The production of as many offspring as possible was a major objective in early human cultures. Today, however, only a few cultures can afford this viewpoint, leading to growing efforts to control and regulate their families' birth rates, which Nigeria is no exception to. The detrimental effects of a high fertility rate on wome...

Background to the study

Brunekreef and Holgate (2002), Künzli et al. (2000), and Pope et al. (2002) all have considerable evidence that ambient air pollution has an impact on human health. The majority of research has focused on how air pollution affects adult mortality and respiratory illness (Dockery et al. 1993; Schwartz and Marcus 1990). Some age groups, however, appear to be more vulnerable than others. It has been demonstrated, for exampl...

In affluent societies, obesity is the most common nutritional disorder. Obesity is a condition characterized by an abnormally excessive level of body fat (Edinburgh 1995). It is defined as abnormal adipose tissue growth caused by fat cell enlargement (hypertrophic obesity) or an increase in the number of fat cells (hyperplastic obesity) or a combination of the two (Park 2004). Excess fat accumulates as a result of an imbalance in energy intake and expenditure. Obesity's importance cannot...

Background of the study

Anaemia describes a situation in which there is a reduction of haemoglobin concentration in the blood of pregnant women to a level below 11g/dl. Anaemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency diseases observed globally and affects more than a quarter of the world’s population (1). Globally, anaemia affects 1.62 billion people (25%), among which 56 million are pregnant women (4...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In December 2019, the global population will be awoken to an outbreak of a disease known as Coronavirus disease 2019. (abbreviated as COVID-19). The disease is an infectious disease caused by the coronavirus that causes extreme acute respiratory syndrome. The COVID-19 virus has spread to over 196 countries and territories on all seven continents. Since then, a concerted effort has been made to halt the spread of the virus, which is thought to...

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Malaria is a life threatening parasitic disease transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. In Nigeria, malaria is responsible for around 60% of the out-patient visits to health facilities, 30% of childhood death, 25% of death in children under one year and 11% of maternal deaths (National Population Commission, 2008; Noland et al., 2014). Similarly, about 70% of pregnant women suffer from malaria, which contributes to maternal anemia, low birth...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The goal of primary health care (PHC) was to provide accessible health for all by the year 2000 and beyond. Unfortunately, this is yet to be achieved in Nigeria and seems to be unrealistic in the next decade. The PHC aims at providing people of the world with the basic health services. Though PHC centers were established in both rural and urban areas in Nigeria with the intention of equity and easy access, regrettably, the rural populations i...

Background Of The Study

The riches of a country is its health. Citizens' health is directly or indirectly tied to how productive a nation will be in terms of manpower and concerns relating to wealth creation. Furthermore, health is intimately related to the amount of medical infrastructure development, as well as how the infrastructure is used to bridge the gap between the affluent and the poor, as well as to boost productivity (Rathi, Agrawal,...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Kenya's population is rapidly increasing, yet more than half of the country's people are poor (Tumbo-Oeri, 2000). People who live in poverty do not have enough money to meet their fundamental necessities of food, drink, and shelter. As a result, these are the ones that rely on government health-care subsidies the most. Unfortunately, they encounter several impediments to getting health care and, as a result, typically...

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Breastfeeding is the process of feeding an infant mother's milk, either through direct nipple-baby mouth contact or by expressed breast milk. Breast milk is classified into two types: colostrum, which is the initial yellowish and sticky milk produced from the mother's breasts from 37 weeks of gestation to about seven days after delivery, and mature milk, which is whitish in color and is produced effectively from a...

1. 1. Background of the study

Malaria is an acute febrile illness caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are spread to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles Mosquito. Malaria has been the focus of multiple declarations, and a range of targets have been set since the beginning of the millennium this is because approximately half of the world population is at risk of malaria.(WHO, 201...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Pregnancy is the common name for gestation in humans. It is the development of one or more offspring, known as an embryo or fetus in the uterus (Truffers, 2003). Pregnancy usually lasts for about nine (9) months in human beings. At this stage the embryo is developing offspring during the first 8 weeks following conception, and subsequently the term fetus is used until child birth. In many societies, medical or legal defini...