GEOLOGY TOPICS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the study: Soil has many varying functions aside from providing the primary form for which plant exist and reproduce it also has the function of separating and absorbing while also restricting the movement of toxic material further which could harm other components of the biosphere (Wyszkowski et al., 2020). Diesel, a petroleum secondary product is a fuel high in demand globally because of its ab...

ABSTRACT

Palynofacies analysis and thermal maturation study was carried out on IDM-4 and IDM5 wells of the Niger Delta Basin. The location of the studied area lies within Latitude 04⁰ 08’ 02’’ N and longitude 06⁰ 08’ 06’’ E for IDM-4 and latitude 04⁰ 08’ 0’’ N and longitude 06⁰ 07’ 06 ’’ E for IDM-5. The studied depth of the well is 10030 ft– 11700 ft at 30 ft interval. Palynological processing, analysis a...

ABSTRACT

The basement rock of Pandogari lies within the BirninGwari – Zungeru area in the NW block of the Nigeria Basement Complex that form part of southern sector of the Pan-Africa mobile belt of West Africa. The study area lies between between latitude 10° 21ʹ 00ʺ to 10° 25ʹ 00ʺ N and longitude 6° 23ʹ 00ʺ to 6° 30ʹ 00ʺ Eof Tegina Sheet 142NE. This study is aimed at evaluating the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of clay minerals occurrence in Pando...

ABSTRACT

An integrated geological, geo-chemical and geophysical studies were carried out to investigate the concentrations of potentially toxic elements in groundwater within Bariki and environs, North Central Nigeria, in order to ascertain the effect of mining on the water quality. The investigation involves surface geological mapping of Bariki and environs on a scale of 1:12,500, groundwater level mapping, Determination of toxic elements concentration using Atomic Absorption Spect...

ABSTRACT

The geology, mineralogy and geochemistry of Ironstone around Manigi locality was investigated in order to provide a comprehensive data on the geological, geochemical and mineralogical composition. Field work, sedimentological logging, and sample collection were carried out at a road cut near Manigi in the northern part of Bida basin. Sixteen representative ironstone samples were subjected to geochemical and mineralogical studies using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray...

ABSTRACT

An integrated geological, geophysical and hydrogeological studies were carried out to investigate the groundwater potential and quality in part of Makurdi, North Central Nigeria. The study area is entirely sedimentary and is dominantly fine to coarse grained sandstone with varying amounts of silt and clay. The schlumberger array was used for the geophysical investigation with a maximum AB/2 of 100m. A total of 20 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) stations were established....

ABSTRACT

Gully erosion is an environmental hazard that is ravaging the landscape of Ungogo area. This study was carried out to investigate the geological and geotechnical control of gully erosion in the study area. Geological field mapping was carried out to assess the causes and extent of erosion. Soil samples were collected from four (4) gully sites at depth between 0 - 5m, 0.5 - 1m and 1 - 1.5m for geotechnical analyses. Four (4) index properties of soil were determined: Specific...

ABSTRACT

The Bida Basin is a NW-SE trending inland sedimentary basin in North Central Nigeria that extends from Kontagora in the north to slightly beyond Lokoja in the south and its mesas consist of ironstone layers from which economic iron ore can be won. The stratigraphic succession in the basin comprises the Bida sandstone at the base in the northern part of the basin followed successively upward by the Sakpe, Enagi and Batati formations. The geochemistry, mineralogy and benefici...

ABSTRACT

The management of plastic waste (whose generation is on the increase) poses a great challenge to environmentalists owning to its non-biodegradability. The research project aims at using waste plastic materials as binding groundmass in place of cement thereby producing pavement blocks that are more durable and more failure resistant than the existing cement derived pavement blocks(whose water absorption rate as well as moderate resistance to acidic condition is a major disad...

ABSTRACT

A study on the geology and hydrogeology of part of Minna Sheet 164NE was conducted with the aim of establishing the groundwater potential and control mechanism. Minna lies along longitude 6°30′E and 6°32′E and latitude 9°37′36′′ N and 9°39′34.5′′ N covering a total area of 14 km2 . The area has a high population most of whom depends on groundwater for domestic uses. Geology of the area was studied on a scale of...

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the physical, mineralogical and geochemical properties of Kutigi clay deposit in the central Bida Basin of Nigeria. The previous studies on the clay deposit have focused solely on estimating its reserves and on the mineralogical and geochemical properties. Attention was not given to identifying its potential industrial usage with respect to its physical properties. The result from field study shows the stratigraphy position of the clay deposit to be...

ABSTRACT

Climate variability has been one of the major issues of the 21st century. The idea is to understand the differences in the climatic conditions and long-term catchment regimes using mean monthly seasonality indices and to explore the differences in the hydrological parameters at the long-term event scale. This comparatively analyze of spatial temporal variations in hydrological parameters at Kainji and Shiroro Dams in Niger State towards achieving a better future plan in the...

ABSTRACT

Discharge of leachate from refuse dumpsites is a source of groundwater pollution within its immediate environment of location. Geophysical investigation of an uncontrolled open solid waste dumpsite located at Barikin-Sale area of Minna was carried out for possible contamination of groundwater. The investigation was aimed at delineating groundwater contamination due to leachate percolation thereby assessing the quality of groundwater from hand dug wells and boreholes within...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

 The development of soil erosion began when man settled down and started turning pasture land into farmland. The intensive exploitation of the land disturbed the natural soil vegetative cover and exposed its, surface to the effect of erosive agents and to introduce such forms of agriculture that did not destroy the land the devastation of land by erosion often led to the down fall of civilization e.g in Mesopotamia Syria, China and else...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on the effect of sand excavation on the environment  The study examined positive and negative environmental impacts of the continuous removal of river sand, pit sand and gravel from sampled rivers and open areas surrounding Abraka-Eku areas. Quantitative and qualitative research designs that is questionnaire survey, oral interviews, field observation and measurements were used to collect data from selected sampled points. Et...

ABSTRACT

Flood is not only a local environmental problem but also a challenge that is faced globally. It is a phenomenon that has caused severe loss of lives and properties in different settlements both in developed and developing countries. In Nigeria, flooding is experienced annually in both urban and rural areas. This research assesses the environmental impact of flood on agricultural activities and its environs. The study area was Kwale, in Ndokwa west L.G.A. of...

ABSTRACT

The focus of this study revolves around independent geologic field mapping of the igarra axis of the basement complex. Basically, geological mapping involves the study of rocks; in situ, that is, in their natural environment and the representation of such rocks on a geological map. Furthermore, rocks of the Igarra area constitute part of the Basement Complex of southwestern Nigeria. This...