ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE TOPICS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Water contamination remains a critical public health issue globally, exacerbated by various anthropogenic activities, climatic changes, and inadequate water management systems. Contaminated water, a significant vector for numerous pathogens and hazardous chemic...

Background of the Study

Access to clean and safe drinking water is universally recognized as a fundamental human right and is vital for maintaining public health. The United Nations has emphasized the importance of water in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, which aims to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all by 2030 (United Nations, 2015). Despite global efforts, many regions, especially in developing...

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Plastic pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental issues of the 21st century, with profound impacts on terrestrial and marine ecosystems, human health, and the economy. Over the past decade, the proliferation of plastic waste has accelerat...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to study Water Borne Disease Outbreak And Preventing Measures In Tafawa Balewa Lga Of Bauchi State. Specifically, the study assessed the prevalence and distribution of waterborne diseases in Tafawa Balewa LGA, Bauchi State, examine the socio-economic factors contributing to waterborne diseases in Tafawa Balewa LGA, evaluate the existing water infrastructure and sanitation practices in Tafawa Balewa LGA, and d...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to environmental pollution and it's associated health risk among residents of ANGUWAN ROGO METROPOLITAN, JOS NORTH,  of PLATEAU State. Specifically, the study examined the knowledge of environmental Pollution among residents of ANGUWAN ROGO METROPOLITAN, JOS NORTH,  of PLATEAU State, assessed the perception of environmental Pollution among residents of ANGUWAN ROGO METROPOLITAN, JOS NO...

Background of the study

Access to adequate water supply is a critical determinant of public health and well-being. In many developing regions, including Maiduguri Metropolitan Council Area in Borno State, Nigeria, inadequate water supply poses significant health risks to the population. The health implications of water scarcity in such areas are profound, encompassing a range of diseases and health conditions.

Waterborne diseases are a pri...

Background of the study

Water is essential to human life, agriculture and animal husbandry, and modern industrial society. The absence of water precludes human existence. People must have access to adequate amounts of water as well as clean water that does not harm them when drunk. Both the quantity and quality of water are important. Reuse of water is common and through this mechanism human pathogens (of animal, human, or environmental origin) can...

Background of the Study

Agriculture and food bio wastes present an opportunity for conversion into biogas, a source of renewable energy, through anaerobic digestion (Sau et al., 2014; Janke et al., 2015; Kader et al., 2015; Maile et al., 2017; Manyuchi et al., 2017; Wannapokin et al., 2017). Biogas is an odorless and colorless gas that has an ignition temperature of 650 °C to 750 °C, a calorific value of 20 MJ/m...

Statement of the Research Problem

Industrialization, discovery of crude oil as a source of fuel and most human activities have impacted the soil and water directly or indirectly. Human and other life forms depend on the soil directly or indirectly for their survival. The negative impact of crude oil pollution on the soil and other environment is overwhelming and this has led researchers in search of possible ways to ameliorate this problem using a quick, safe, beneficial, benign and...

ABSTRACT

The methods of Upward Continuation and Statistical Spectral Depth Analysis were applied on Aeromagnetic data over Kaltungo Area in the Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria and the results are presented in this study. The area is bounded by Latitude 9 'N to 10 'N and Longitude 11 'E to 12 'E with an area cover of about 12,100 km2 . The Oasis Montaj software was used to isolate the residual field components from the total magnetic field and also to analyse the field at...

ABSTRACT

Spatial-temporal variability in the water quality of hand-dug wells was investigated in Minna and Environs. Hand dug well water pollution is a major problem in the study area. Hence, the need to carry out groundwater quality assessment using spatial analyst tool in GIS in the study area becomes imperative. The Study analysed selected physicochemical and microbiological parameters of hand dug well water. Mixed methods approach of quantitative and qualitative research methods...

ABSTRACT

Energy sustainability requires meeting our energy needs upon which economic development depends. The need to improve on the present power generating capacity of Nigeria, has brought about energy diversification by increasing the present energy sources to include renewable resources and this has led to the idea of this work. This work is aimed at determining the appropriate offshore wind farm location(s) in Nigeria to address the issue of wind energy availability and utiliza...

Statement of the Research Problem

The world population is increasingly becoming urban day by day and this has been causing a lot of concerns in the last few decades. Studies have shown that rapid urban growth can lead to social, physical and environmental problems (Mundhe and Jaybhaye, 2014; Ohwo and Abotutu, 2015). Under such urbanisation conditions, farmland and forests at urban suburbs may be transformed to built-up and industrialized areas which degrades the environment. Certain...

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of solid waste management among households in Katsina State, Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was used. Seven hundred and twenty (720) respondents were sampled from a population of 3,250,960 households in Katsina State, Nigeria. The respondents were drawn through multistage sampling technique, which consisted of stratified, simple random, and proportionate sampling techniques. A close ended questionna...

ABSTRACT

The 21st Century has been characterised with an unprecedented rate of urbanisation. Presently, about 50% of global population are resident in cities, and this is projected to rise to 70% in year 2050. This rapid rate of urbanisation is associated with unemployment and urban food security challenges. To address the food security challenges in cities, urban residents have embraced the practice of urban agriculture – a practice which involves the production of animals an...

ABSTRACT

Child deprivation and how it can be reduced is a trending issue both at the global and national level especially in this 21st century. Despite the numerous policy and strategies put in place by the different tiers of government in Nigeria since independent in other to reduce Child deprivation in the country, deprivation is still persisting and has become a complex phenomenon that covers many dimensions of human and social behavior. It has widely been accepted that deprivati...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to evaluate effects of anthropogenic practices on agricultural activities in parts of Bwari area council (Igu, Mpape, Bwari and Bazango Kubwa). In order to obtain the pertinent information needed for the study a structured questionnaire was administered to the farmers as well as households of the study area. The Landsat Images of 1988, 2008 and 2018 of the study area was analysed to show that there are anthropogenic practices going on in the study...

ABSTRACT

It is common knowledge that the end user of stream flow data may necessarily not have any prior knowledge of the quality control measures applied in their generation. Thus, this study provides an intuitive attempt to provide an independent quality indicator to boost the confidence in the use of stream flow data by developing regional flow duration curves for selected ungauged station of the upper Niger River Basin, Nigeria. Toward this end, stream flow data for seven gaugin...

ABSTRACT

Although there are abundant natural resources in the world; however, the soil is one of the most valuable amongst all. Consequently, the major destroyer of this valuable natural resources is erosion which comes in different forms; sheet, rill, or gully. The impact of erosion particularly has become a cause of concern for many, especially in the Southeast region of Nigeria. This study therefore examined the impact of gully erosion on livelihood of residents in Ohafia LGA, wi...

ABSTRACT

Kede floodplain is under constant threat of devastating floods annually. The rural dwellers adopted strategies and even the government have developed the National Disaster Management Framework (NDMF) through the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) to respond to the issues of disaster risk but substantive success has not been attained. This research seeks to examine the government response strategies to flood disaster in Kede floodplain community with a view of makin...

ABSTARCT

The soaring trend of environmental contamination by heavy metals is a global issue. The continual monitoring of soils around industrial areas becomes necessary. The present study focused on the physicochemical and heavy metal concentration in soil around the vicinity of selected industries in Kaduna metropolis. The mean pH, electrical conductivity, % organic matter, % sand, % clay and % silt obtained were 7.16±0.35, 362.60 ±10.7µS/cm, 2.92±0.50, 7...

ABSTRACT

Water quality analysis was done for both surface and groundwater samples. For surface water, samples were taken from the upstream; middle; and downstream sections of the river Landzun. Similarly, for groundwater, samples were collected from specific locations around the Bida catchment area of Niger State, Nigeria such in a manner to allow for effective spread. Water samples for both surface and underground regimes were collected during the dry wet seasons. Laboratory analys...

ABSTRACT

Niger State has been blessed with various tourist attraction sites and of which Gurara and Mayanka waterfalls are among. So it’s in view of the vast opportunities these tourist sites have this study assessed the tourism potentials of Gurara and Mayanka waterfalls in Niger State, Nigeria. The primary sources of data used in this thesis include questionnaire administration, oral interview and reconnaissance survey. The secondary data used were journals, textbooks and co...

ABSTRACT

GSM base station popularly called telecommunication mast is an important infrastructure required for effective communication system. However, if not properly managed it can impact negatively on the environment and residents health. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the spatial distribution of GSM mast in Minna and its implication on the environment. The study adopts the descriptive-observational research design method. Primary data on the location of GSM mast, noise...

ABSTRACT

This research was conducted in two communities; Dandu and Wuro Chekke, Yola south, Adamawa state. The aim of the study was to investigate the availability of sanitation infrastructures and to find out the relationship between sanitation and health among children in the two rural areas of the state. This was done by conducting interviews and making observation of 50 respondents who were mainly mothers and their environment. The socio-economic status and sanitation practices...

ABSTRACT

Analysis of data to determine how much knowledge the American University of Nigeria food service has on sustainability as well as creating an improvement plan has formed the crux of this research paper. The American University of Nigeria has been able to provide and implement sustainability plans however these plans do not include the food service. To help determine what level of improvement is required, interviews were done, periodic visits and observations were also done....

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This study examined the knowledge and awareness of effect of air pollution on the health of motorcycle riders in coker/aguda local council development area. The sample consisted of 110 motorc...

ABSTRACT

Plastic litter negatively affects the environment and human health. Therefore, some countries and states have banned or taxed plastic bag use. For example, Rwanda, Mexico City, and China have introduced bans on plastic bags, as have Kenya and Rwanda in Africa. In this study, I assessed public perceptions of a proposed federal ban on plastic bags in Nigeria. Using a structured questionnaire, I interviewed 200 customers and 10 shop managers in Yola-Jimeta, northeastern Nigeri...

ABSTRACT

No studies have been conducted, to examine the negative impacts of liquid forms of local herbal medicine sold in Yola and Jimeta in Adamawa state, Nigeria. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential negative health impacts of these medicines, by conducting lab experiments to investigate the presence of pathogenic bacteria in purchased herbal medicine samples. 17 samples were purchased from Yola market and Jimeta. Standard laboratory experiments were conducted, usin...

ABSTRACT

Background: Obstetric fistula is a breach in the birth duct by means of undue labor without appropriate and prone health aid. It is an obstructed labor lacking well-timed health interference, usually caesarean section. This is a condition where the baby always dies during labor. In the condition the woman concern is generally left with internal wound that leaves her leaking urine and waste. Objectives: The aim and objective is to assess the factors responsible for obstetric...

ABSTRACT

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice have been a serious public health concern, not only in Nigeria but in the world at large. It have severally been reported that there is low practice and awareness of EBF in Nigeria. I evaluated the variation in the level of knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding between mothers in Yola and those in Fufure IDP camp as well as their perceptions towards its practice. I also assessed the most effective medium of awareness for the knowledge o...

ABSTRACT

The importance of breast milk over all other types of milk as the main food source for infants cannot be over-emphasized as established by numerous health and nutrition organizations. Early childhood is characterized by rapid growth, development of tissues and formation of organs. Breastfeeding is the optimal method for feeding infants. All the nutritional needs of children are provided by breast milk in the right amounts and duration. In Nigeria however, young infants may...

ABSTRACT

This research was conducted with the aim of pointing out the problems that prevent farmers from having access to credit in Yola south. The research also gives an analysis of the socio-economic characteristics of farmers in the study area and their access to credit. Furthermore, the research also identifies the main sources of credit to farmers in the study area and the benefits derived from the credit obtained. During this research, three communities were purposively select...

ABSTRACT

The irrational consumption of water is one of the greatest problem in the world today. Irrigation of agricultural crops with fish effluent is one way to solve this problem. Rather than disposing of effluents gotten from aquaculture; then providing nutrients from fertilizer and irrigation from another source of water. We could use water containing fish effluent to irrigate agricultural crop. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of irrigating with water from fish...

ABSTRACT

This research was done using multiple methods case study to determine if environmental sanitation conditions affect malaria infection rates in children of two communities; one urban area and one rural area. Fasari settlement in Kuje Area Council was the rural case study while Wuse zone 6-, Abuja was the urban case study. The specific aim of this research was to investigate the incidence of malaria in children under 5- in relation to environmental sanitation conditions in th...

ABSTRACT

The study uses FMC and AKTH as a case study in order to assess the knowledge, practices and attitudes of waste handlers on biomedical waste management. The study investigates the major problems associated with management and handling practices and the possible solutions to tackle those problems. Based on the findings from this study, recommendations will be proposed to the hospitals on ways to improve the system of biomedical waste management and handling. A total of 12 ind...

ABSTRACT

Nigeria is naturally endowed with vast expanse of forest land, the swamp forests in the extreme Southern part of the country, the tropical rainforest in the South- western axis and the wooded savannah in the middle belt. Nigeria ranks among the countries of the world with abundant forest resources. This work was on the causes, effect and control strategies for Deforestation . the research work employed descriptive statistics for the analysis. causes, effect...

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness environmental sanitation practices on malaria prevention and control in Abeokuta metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria. 

A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted for the study; A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to generate data from 450 adult respondents who were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. An observational checklist was used to assess the sanitary...

ABSTRACT

Indoor air pollution (IAP) kills 4 million people worldwide, particularly in developing countries where many people rely heavily on biomass for energy. Globally, 3 billion people use biomass fuel for cooking and heating. Burning biomass emits carbon monoxide (CO) and other pollutants. Hence, IAP is the leading cause of non-communicable diseases in the world. Women and children suffer most of the burden of IAP because they are usually responsible for cooking. In a rural, poo...

ABSTRACT

This study examined the effects of soil erosion on settlement in Agbor, and its environs. It identifies the problems, conservation, strategies, control techniques and suggest proper management practices. The study adopts the survey research design in data collection through administration of 150 questionnaires to the respondents in Agbor coupled with direct field measurement of gully erosion effect on building structure in Agbor region. The data collected w...

ABSTRACT

Domestic Waste Disposal is any material from plants and animals which cannot be recycle back into the environments or into the market for future use.  This domestic waste management disposal is of national and international concern. From analysis in question 1 it is proved that ESWAMA helped to control and manage waste disposal in the society.  The result of finding here indicates that ESWAMA was established to develop and implement p...