ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TOPICS

SUMMARY

The objective of the proposed research is to design low power, miniaturized and ultrasensitive microwave transmission line based metamaterials, evaluate their performance then utilize them for bulk materials’ constitutive parameters extraction and other practical applications with a narrower scope such as nondestructive and microfluidic sensing. Also, the research aims to introduce, model and verify a condition of sensitivity uniformity for permittivity and permeabilit...

BACKGROUND

Heart beat rate means the number of heartbeats per unit time, usually expressed as beats per minute (bpm). The human heart pounds to pump oxygen rich blood to the muscles and carry cell waste products away from the tissues. Heartbeat rate can vary according to the demand of the muscles to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide changes such as during exercise or sleep. It also varies significantly between individuals based on age, fitness and genetics. This means that th...

BACKGROUND

The intelligent phase selector is a system that is capable of comparing three phases and switching automatically to any of the three phases. The system consists of three main parts namely; the transformer, comparators (which is the brain of the system) and electrical switching device (relay). The transformer used here is the step down type of transformer (it step down 240v to 12v) and these transformer is feed in with different phase voltage, rectified and smooth. Then fe...

BACKGROUND

The intelligent phase selector is a system that is capable of comparing three phases and switching automatically to any of the three phases. The system consists of three main parts namely; the transformer, comparators (which is the brain of the system) and electrical switching device (relay). The transformer used here is the step down type of transformer (it step down 240v to 12v) and these transformer is feed in with different phase voltage, rectified and smooth. Then fe...

THE BACKGROUND

Welding is a way of heating pieces of metal using electricity or a flame so that they melt and stick together. It can simply be defined as the process of joining two or more pieces of metal to make the act as a single piece. This is often done by melting the work pieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint. Because of its strength, welding is used to join beams when constructing buildings, bridges and other...

ABSTRACT

It has become inevitable that there would be communication and due to the inherent limitation of the human voice, the public address system came to being. A public address or “P.A SYSTEM” is an electronic amplification system with a mixer ,amplifier and loudspeakers, used to reinforce a given sound , e.g a person making a speech, pre-recorded music ,or message and distributing the sound throughout a venue . The voice signal is passed through a microphone , which...

ABSTRACT

The 200W solar system was determined by load assessment, solar panel number determination, battery requirement and then inverter sizing. A complete solar panel rated at 200w was however purchased, together with 2 no. 150A solar battery, 1500W inverter and also 10A charge controller. These were assembled together with necessary protective gadgets like cut out switches; to give the 200W expected. The solar panel was mounted outside the building to allow for maximum collection...

ABSTRACT

Automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tank is designed to monitor the level of water in a tank. It displays the level of water and when it is at the lowest level; a pump is activated automatically to refill the tank. When the tank is filled to its maximum capacity, the pump is automatically de-energized. Several circuits are put together to ensure proper working of this design, and the block diagram includes the supply unit, the micro-processor...

ABSTRACT

T-junction traffic light controller is such a device that will play a significant role in controlling traffic at junctions, to ease the expected increased rush at such junctions and reduce to minimum disorderliness that may arise, as well as allowing the pedestrians a right of the way at intervals rather than being struck down when in a hurry to cross the roads. Such an electrical system with a touch of electronics that control the flow of traffic in a pre-determined sequen...

ABSTRACT

With advancement of technology things are becoming simpler and easier for us. Automatic systems are being preferred over manual system. The purpose of this project is to design and construct A GSM based home automation using AVR. Using GSM networks, in this project a home power control system has been proposed that will act as an embedded system which can monitor and control appliances and other devices locally using built-in input and output peripherals. The system has a d...

ABSTRACT

The project is based on Construction of microcontroller vehicle speed alarm system which automatically warns the driver by activating a panic alarm which is triggered on when the driver exceeds the speed limit set in the system which also stops the alarm when the speed is reduced below the set speed limit. A speedometer system is used to monitor the speed of the car. The voltage output of the speedometer system is used to set the time the alarm comes on. The other component...

ABSTRACT

The project design and construction of an automatic water level controller is aimed at realizing a simple, portable cost effective system capable of controlling the water level in an overhead water tank. This project report details the construction processes employed in implementing the project design, step, techniques and approaches employed to see to the effective implementation of components and strict adherence to stipulated measurements to reduce the error coefficient...

ABSTRACT

Microcontroller based automate controller is a project design of a system that is used in operating a gate automatically. The system opens the gate automatically when a human being or car is about to enter a compound or exit a compound. The system works by sensing the light rays from the head lamp of the vehicle. The light ray is sensed and signal is used in operating the gate. Different blocks of circuit are put together to ensure that the system works perfectly as desired...

ABSTRACT

This project shows the construction of a microcontroller based security door using smart card. It is aimed towards programming the microcontroller to control the hardware in sliding door. The system consists of a microcontroller 89S52 which sends a signal to the multiplexers on insertion of the smart card in the card slot. The multiplexers consist of ICS which prompts for a display of the identity of the card user in the liquid crystal display (LCD). The LCD displays the st...

ABSTRACT

In this work, performance of four mobile network operators (MNOs) was measured, analysed, and evaluated in Shiroro Power Station and recommendation were made to improve the quality of their voice and data services. Drive test was performed using transmission environment monitoring softwares (TEMs) and statistical analysis was ix done for performance evaluation. The results shows that the received signal strength level was between the ranges of -50 dBm to -110 dBm as against...

ABSTRACT

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of micro-sensors capable of monitoring physical and environmental factors. These are often mainly made up of resource constrained sensor nodes and gateways. Networking these nodes presents several challenges because the devices have limited computational capability, data storage, energy and communication bandwidth. Therefore, various lightweight communication protocols are emerging for Machine to Machine (M2M) communications. Among the...

ABSTRACT

Automated system of fish farming has become inevitable due to the immense importance of fisheries aquaculture. The efficiency of any fish rearing system depends on monitoring and control of pond water quality parameters as well as adequate feeding and a reliable power source. This work presents a fish pond monitoring and control system that improves on the efficiency of fish rearing. A sensor network consisting of temperature, pH, turbidity and water level sensors was used...

ABSTRACT

This study shows how to monitor the movement of cattle using wireless sensor nodes powered by a renewable energy source capable of detecting location, and incorporated in it all the available mobile networks to ensure that information about cattle location gets to the base in real-time. Performance analysis was carried out on the energy consumption pattern of the nodes which indicated that throughout the monitoring period, the average energy consumed by the nodes was thus;...

ABSTRACT

This research work introduces a novel human detection sensor on an IoT node so as to increase the efficiency of sensing human beings in a building, it also provide power management and control since Nigeria supply far less than what was actually demanded, based on the power baseline report submitted to the office of the vice president in 2015, which stated that only 10% of the power demanded was supplied, these couple with the fact that energy wastage is rampant in the coun...

ABSTRACT

As technology evolves in telecommunication, the choice of the kind of radio to be used for data transfer in a multi-radio system at a particular time remains a challenge, especially in device-to-device (D2D) communications. This is evident in devices such as phones where multiple radio systems such as Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), and Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) are present. Despite all these radios in place, the selection of these radios has always...

ABSTRACT

Electricity is very important and crucial in the development of any economy; Niger State is currently experiencing serious electricity supply problem. This research assessed the potential for using wind energy for electric power supply in Minna, located on latitude 9° 36′ 50″N and longitude 6° 33′ 25″E. Five years wind speed data (2012 – 2016) of five minutes integration time was obtained from the atmospheric weather station of Physics...

ABSTRACT

          In the world today, the use of power supply in electronics equipment and gadgets has increased and it is still increasing.  These power supplies are not stable as required by these electronics.

          This arise the need for the power stabilization as to overcome this problem

          T...

ABSTRACT

Power supply in Nigeria and most developing countries of the world is anything but stable. This has adverse effects on the consumers of the electricity and the equipments that are operated from the mains sources of electricity supply in these parts of the world. Automatic change over switch system is used to ensure continuous supply to load in case the mains supply is not healthy or disconnected. This project designs and constructs of an automatic change ov...

ABSTRACT

This project presents the design and construction of a battery charger. A battery charger is an electrical/electronic device used to put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery by forcing an electric current through it. The system consists of a step down transformer, an AC to DC converter and a DC voltage regulator. The circuits are designed using copper wire, rectifier diodes, electrolytic capacitors, resistor...

ABSTRACT

This project review the conformability of uninterrupted power supply through the use of power inverter, However, inverter is of different categories base on power rating such as 1KVA, 1.5KVA, 5KVA etc. Moreover, since the invention of inverter, some problem associated with alternative power supply had been drastically reduced. Meanwhile, the problems such as: noise, production of fumes cost of procurement of oil, fuel and maintenance of plant is over. &nbs...

ABSTRACT

The problem of Electricity are enormous and can never be treated completely until the fault department (maintenance) are improved upon for urgent and rapid response to line faults.

The present protection scheme only isolates the lines in the event of faults, define the fault, but leaves no proper information about the location of the fault.

Faults must occur on both the transmission and distribution lines but, the problem is how fast can...

ABSTRACT

The generation of electric power using different fuel resources to meet load demand and losses while satisfying various constraints on the system involves high running cost (cost of fuel). Therefore, it requires electric utilities to minimize the cost of production of electric power by planning and dispatching generating units in an economic and efficient manner to meet the system demand. The aim of the proposed research is to develop an efficient unit commitment based econ...

ABSTRACT

This research work presents development of Firefly algorithm (FA) and application of voltage stability index (VSI) for optimal planning of Distribution Generation (DG) in an unbalanced threephase distribution network. The VSI was used to find the DG location while the FA was used for the DG sizing. The developed method was implemented on standard IEEE 37-bus Radial distribution network test system and a local 19-bus Mahuta feeder. The results obtained from the IEEE 37-bus w...

Problem Statement

          The problem to be solved in this project will include;

1. The design an automatic transformer rewinding machine

2. Integrating a digital counter into the transformer rewinding machine

3. Sourcing of local components for construction of automatic transformer rewinding machine

4. Production of a user friendly and easy to operate automatic t...

ABSTRACT

Electricity demand forecasting is a central and integral process for planning periodical operations and facility expansion in the electricity sector. Demand pattern is very complex due to the highly unpredictable behavior of consumers load consumption. Therefore, finding an appropriate forecasting model for a specific electricity network at peak demand is not an easy task for the utilities and policymakers. Many load forecasting methods developed in the past decades were ch...

ABSTRACT

This research work presents a scheme that identifies line outage and generator outage using contigency analysis and effectively splits the network into a set of predefined islands, with a load shedding strategy to minimise the adverse effect of each outage and to ensure system security. In this research work, Newton Raphson power flow was used for the power flow analysis of the network. Also, Active Power Loading Perfomance Index was used during the contigency analysis to r...

ABSTRACT

This work aimed at designing and implementation of Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) for power quality improvement through harmonic reduction. The current harmonics are being caused by nonlinear characteristic of power electronics based equipments which increase power losses and in turn reduce power quality. This work employed a three phase three wire shunt active power filter implemented by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink for harmonic reduction. Synchronous Reference Frame (S...

ABSTRACT

Power system network is designed to operate in a prescribed voltage and frequency for stability and for better power quality. Unexpected contingencies leads to instability related problems in the system. This research develops a sensitivity index based technique with contingency analysis for Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) placement for Nigeria 330kV power transmission system. The research employed Newton Raphson power flow method considering multiple contingency analy...

ABSTRACT

This research work presents the development of branch current based state estimation for NonTechnical Losses (NTLs) Detection and Localization. The use of weighted least square (WLS) state estimation for the evaluation of branch current of a network during theft is considered. In order to confirm the presence of theft in a network, current measurement value obtained from Distribution Transformer Controller (DTC) installed at substation was compared with that of all customer...

ABSTRACT

In this dissertation a Clonal Selection Algorithm (CSA) based system that detected multiple instances of circles, quadrilaterals and triangles in an image scene was developed. CSA models how B-cell antibodies of the immune system protect the body from invading antigens. The developed system eliminated the need for separate implementations of the CSA for detecting the different shapes in an image. The implementation of the system was done using MATLAB 2015a,...

ABSTRACT

The control of voltage level has been identified as one of the most important operational

needs for efficient and reliable operation of power system equipment. Due to the fact

that both the utility and customer equipment are designed to operate at certain voltage

ratings. Prolonged operation of the equipment at voltages outside the allowable range

could adversely affect their performance and may cause forced outages....

Abstract

This study examines how line losses can be minimized using particle swarm optimization. Three research objective were formulated to give direction towards this work, this study describes theoretical and practical issues concerning line losses minimization in electric power networks using Particle Swarm Optimization. The study utilized FACTS devices such as STATCOM for voltage control and active power losses optimization. The idea and development with applyi...

ABSTRACT

This project report is a thesis written specifically to cover the design analysis construction, test and packaging of a multipurpose security system from electric component that can be easily be obtainable from the market.

The report discusses the various unit and stages of the alarm system, thesis include:-

1. Clock generation and frequency division unit.
2. The control and section unit, comprising of a one shot 555 timer m...

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AIMS/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The analysis of this project cannot go without enumerating the goals meant to be achieved in the pursuit of the work. These objectives include:-

1. To develop a simple low cost device aimed at easing the prevalent burden faced by delicate offices, parastatals and institutions who need very low but constant power supply. Since supply is always on along the distribution lines that supply such sites, what pesters on t...

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   50 Pages

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INTRODUCTION

Change over switch is a device used to switch off a power supply and subsequently switch on another power source. Basically it is aimed at switching on a more convenient power supply to the load. Since it switches on power to the load precaution has to be taken while choosing the type of change over switch. Also size, arcing control are put into consideration in the choice.

          A good switch s...

ABSTRACT

In this project, a portable cost effective AC/Solar rechargeable lantern was constructed. The dual-purpose rechargeable was designed to store energy from AC utility power source and solar power source. The electrical energy was stored in a rechargeable battery with a charge controller to regulate the charging process. The designed rechargeable lantern was automatically designed to switch off when it is being charged and automatically switch on when charging stops. The des...

ABSTRACT

This project review the conformability of uninterrupted power supply through the use of inverter. An inverter is a system that converts a direct current to an alternating current.  However, inverter is of different categories base on power rating such as 1KVA, 1.5KVA,1.5KVA, 5KVA etc. Moreover, since the invention of inverter, some problem associated with alternative power supply had been drastically reduced. Meanwhile, the problems such as: noise, pr...

ABSTRACT

An FM transmitter is an electronic device which, with the aid of an antenna, produces radio waves. The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating current, which is applied to the antenna. When excited by this alternating current, the antenna radiates radio waves. Frequency modulation (FM) transmitter generates the radio waves by varying the radio signal's frequency slightly. FM transmitter is basically a VHF colipits oscilla...