EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING SERVICES ON CAREER CHOICE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
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- NGN 3000
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Education, in its broadest meaning, covers all of the processes that people go through throughout their lives in order to develop and, potentially, exploit their potentials via the acquisition of information, skills, talents, and attitudes required for effective societal existence (Umar, et al., 2012). Education has been defined as a critical and necessary component of every sort of growth (Jibrin, et al., 2012). It is a process that begins with birth and concludes with death, implying that education is a lifetime process. Education is a tool for all nations' economic, political, and scientific progress (Jibrin, et al., 2012).
Secondary school education, according to Umar et al. (2015), is the engine room of knowledge acquisition, a stage at which pupils come into touch with many courses, which define the field of study they will follow in upper secondary school. Education is a level that comes after primary school and before higher education. Its prominence in the educational system attests to its significance. According to the National Policy on Education (FGN, 2004), the goal of education is to instil in children a spirit of inquiry, and education should also prepare students to live effectively in our modern age of science and technology. Furthermore, emphasis was placed on the need of school-based counselling programmes.
The importance of counselling programmes in schools cannot be overstated, especially given the daily increase in student enrollment, the expanding demands of Nigerian adolescents, the ongoing turmoil in schools, and the frequent changes in the educational system (Bolu-Steve, et al., 2017). Counselling services have become an integral component of educational programmes, and they cannot be provided in isolation. In the context of this research, Umar et al. (2014) describe guidance as a whole programme comprising a variety of highly specialized actions done by specialists to assist individuals in making sensible and intelligent choices and judgments. According to Eyo et al. (2010), guidance is a programme of services to individuals based on their requirements and the effect of contextual circumstances. She went on to say that guidance and counselling is a professional field that includes a wide range of activities, programmes, and services aimed at assisting individuals in understanding themselves, their problems, their school environment, and their world, as well as developing adequate capacity for making wise choices and decisions. Furthermore, secondary school guidance programmes are meant to address teenage students' physical, emotional, social, occupational, and academic issues. This is to supplement classroom learning while also improving pupils' academic performance/achievements (Eyo, et al., 2010).
Counselling is a learning process in which a counsellor assists an individual or individuals in learning, understanding themselves and their surroundings, and being able to choose the right type of behaviors that will help them develop, grow, progress, ascend, mature, and step up, educationally, vocationally, and socially (Ebizie, et al., 2016). In other words, counselling is a transforming process that assists individuals in learning all that needs to be learned both within and outside of the School. A career, on the other hand, is described as one's lifework. In other words, a career is one's profession, which covers a variety of occupations, vocations, or tasks that one individual engages in during his or her working life (Eremie, et al., 2018). The succession of employment and other life responsibilities that combine to represent one's dedication to work in his or her complete pattern of self-development is referred to as a career. According to Umar et al. (2014), profession choice was not always as tough as it is now. There were fewer career options available, and more crucially, parents, teachers, and religious organization were aware of the available positions and the qualifications for admittance.
Career counsellor, on the other hand, provide a wide range of job-related programmes to students with the goal of supporting students in planning their careers, making educated decisions, and selecting a career that will place him or her in the proper vocation so that students like their work (Eremie, et al., 2018). Counsellor strategic position in secondary schools allows them to help shape students' intellectual, emotional, behavioral, and psychological issues. These counselling services are provided in collaboration with other school employees (Orewere, 2012). According to Eremie et al. (2018), career coaching and counselling let an individual to perceive and explore their or her limitless potential alternatives. The major service areas of guidance and counselling are undeniably educational guidance and counselling, which assists students in their career choices, vocational guidance and counselling, which assists the individual in choosing and preparing for an occupation that is compatible with his interests and aptitudes, and personal and social guidance and counselling, which assists the individual in behaving appropriately in relation to other members of society (Eremie, et al., 2018). Guidance and counselling services in schools are expected to design, assess, and improve educational programmes, increase teaching and teacher competency, and minimize costs for students (Ebizie, et al., 2016). According to Orewere (2012), for guidance and counselling to be effective, a series of planned actions must be implemented to help pupils establish a favourable attitude toward it. This provides students with information and counselling on personal, academic, and professional options. As a result, advice and counselling play an important influence in students' job choices.
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